Difference between revisions of "Sleepless"

From The Coppermind
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Fixed the link to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Fire_Upon_the_Deep)
(so many WoBs)
Tag: status-change
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{lifeform
 
{{lifeform
  +
|image=Arclo.jpg
  +
|sapient=y
 
|world=Roshar
 
|world=Roshar
 
|books=[[The Stormlight Archive]]
 
|books=[[The Stormlight Archive]]
  +
}}
}}{{spoilers|book=sa3}}
 
 
'''Dysian Aimians''', also known as '''Sleepless''',{{wob ref|2113}} are a sapient non-human race found on [[Roshar]] that once lived in the [[Silver Kingdoms|Silver Kingdom]] of [[Aimia]].{{wob ref|9640}}
 
'''Dysian Aimians''', also known as '''Sleepless'''{{wob ref|2113}}, are a sentient race found on [[Roshar]].
 
   
 
== Appearance and Anatomy ==
 
== Appearance and Anatomy ==
  +
{{quote
Dysian Aimians can perform even more extreme modifications to their physiology than [[Siah Aimian]]s, because their bodies are made up of many [[cremling]]-like creatures called "hordelings" that they can breed to perform whatever function they need (e.g., storing memories or growing extra sensory organs). These hordelings can separate from the main body to act as remote agents and can also be used as backup minds to store memories.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} However, a hordeling that gets too physically far from the others can lose contact with the main mind, and affect its Cognitive aspect.{{wob ref|11603}} There is a limit on both the total mass and number of cremlings a Sleepless can have at any given time.{{wob ref|12043}}
 
  +
|The cook began to hum. Pieces of her broke off. She crumbled to a pile of chittering little cremlings that moved out of her clothing, leaving it in a heap.
  +
|Kaza, watching the cook of the ''[[First Dreams]]''{{book ref|sa3|i|4}}
  +
}}
  +
Dysian Aimians have a unique physiology, as their "bodies" are actually comprised of thousands{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} of small [[cremling]]-like creatures called "hordelings" that are able to function as a single consciousness.{{wob ref|11484}}{{wob ref|1543}} The hordelings are not limited in how they assemble themselves; with practice, a Sleepless can mimic the shape of other creatures, including humans.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} However, many Sleepless are barely humanoid.{{wob ref|2902}} They refer to themselves as "Sleepless"{{wob ref|2113}} because at least some part of the horde is always awake.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} Unlike [[Siah Aimian]]s, Dysian Aimians cannot mate with humans.{{wob ref|10842}}
   
  +
=== Hordelings ===
Because they can continually create new hordelings to replace any that are lost, the Sleepless can live forever, as long as not too many of the hordelings are destroyed at once.{{wob ref|3885}}
 
  +
Hordelings are usually about the size of a finger,{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} and can be as large as a fist.{{wob ref|11672}} Hordelings on Roshar often resemble native creatures known as cremlings simply to make them less noticeable to casual observers; they can take other forms.{{wob ref|3346}} The hordelings of each Sleepless are not all identical, and often serve specific purposes.{{wob ref|1543}} For example, because [[Arclo]] tries to pass as a human, many of his hordelings have protrusions on their backs that resemble human parts such as skin or eyeballs; he is also able to speak with a passably human voice.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} However, hordelings cannot actually shapeshift, so the nature of a Sleepless body is always visible upon close inspection.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} Sleepless therefore tend to cover their "skin" when possible, or use the appearance of older skin{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} or tattoos{{book ref|sa3|i|4}} to obscure their true nature.
   
  +
=== Adaptation and Regeneration ===
The Sleepless we have seen so far as individuals have tried to pass as humans, though they find it extremely difficult to perfectly mimic humans.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} Most other Sleepless are barely humanoid at all, however.{{wob ref|2902}}
 
  +
Hordelings can be specially bred to enhance specific capabilities of a Sleepless, such as a heightened sense of smell or increased memory capacity, although this process takes some time.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} There is a limit on both the total mass and number of hordelings a Sleepless can have at any given time,{{wob ref|12043}} but the maximum number would definitely allow a Sleepless to become larger than human-sized.{{wob ref|11672}}{{wob ref|11953}} Because they can continually create new hordelings to replace any that are lost, the personality of a Sleepless can live forever, as long as not too many of the hordelings are destroyed at once.{{wob ref|3885}}
  +
  +
=== Consciousness ===
  +
In practice, hordelings function as a "hive mind",{{wob ref|1543}} but they are not technically one entity.{{wob ref|11869}} Hordelings have the ability to separate from the main body to act as remote agents while maintaining their mental link with the rest of the horde.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} Certain circumstances could lead to a hordeling being split off from the group and forced to act independently.{{wob ref|11869}} For example, a hordeling that is physically too distant from the others can lose contact with the main mind, and this would affect its [[Cognitive Realm|Cognitive]] aspect.{{wob ref|11603}} The Sleepless are not able to split their consciousness between the Cognitive Realm and the [[Physical Realm]].{{wob ref|11869}}
   
 
== History ==
 
== History ==
  +
The Sleepless lived in Aimia prior to the [[Scouring of Aimia]], which has been characterized by [[Hessi]] as "total destruction".{{epigraph ref|sa3|113}} They coexisted with the [[Siah Aimian]]s, but are not related to them.{{wob ref|5479}} Dysian Aimians exist on other planets in the [[cosmere]]{{wob ref|11778}} and have traveled between them in the past,{{wob ref|12222}} so it is not clear if their true origin is Roshar. During the events of the ''Stormlight Archive'', relatively few Sleepless are still alive.{{wob ref|1784}}{{book ref|sa1|i|5}} As both Siah Aimians and Dysian Aimians are immortal, the remaining individuals seem to be aware of each other.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} [[Hoid]] is the only character that has used the term "Dysian" in the books, and the source of the term is unknown.{{book ref|twok|54}}
At least one Dysian Aimian may have fought during [[Aharietiam]], as [[Dalinar Kholin]] notices a heap of burned, strange cremlings in one of [[Dalinar's visions|his visions]].{{book ref|sa3|42}} It is not clear from the vision which side the Aimian fought on, if indeed it was one, but [[Arclo]] says that the ancient [[Knights Radiant]] considered him to be an ally in the days before Aharietiam.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} The blurbs on the back covers of the [[Stormlight Archive]] books, which are written from an in-universe Sleepless perspective{{wob ref|1500}}, indicate that other Dysians were also on the side of the Knights Radiant and have even held [[Surge]]s, though it is not known whether all Dysians were on the same side. The blurbs also show that, in the modern day, the Sleepless are carefully watching [[Kaladin]], [[Shallan]], [[Dalinar]], [[Szeth]], [[Eshonai]], and [[Venli]], believing them to be crucial to the future of Roshar.{{book ref|sa2|endnote}}{{book ref|sa3|endnote}}
 
  +
  +
=== Heraldic Epochs ===
  +
The blurbs on the back covers of the ''[[Stormlight Archive]]'' books are written from an in-universe perspective and are authored by Dysian Aimians;{{wob ref|1500}} the author of the blurb on ''[[The Way of Kings]]'' is an "odd" individual who has not otherwise appeared in the books.{{wob ref|12611}} It is clear that the Sleepless have a long history with the [[Herald]]s and [[Knights Radiant]], as the blurb references the period before the [[Last Desolation]].{{ref|text=[[The Way of Kings#Cover Synopsis|''The Way of Kings'' cover synopsis]]}} It is also implied that some Sleepless were once able to use the power of [[Surgebinding]].{{ref|text=[[Oathbringer#Cover Synopsis|''Oathbringer'' cover synopsis]]}}
  +
At least some of the Sleepless, including Arclo,{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} were allies of the Heralds and Knights Radiant during the [[Heraldic Epochs]]; the author of the blurbs calls the [[Unmade]] and [[Odium]] "enemies"{{ref|text=[[Oathbringer#Cover Synopsis|''Oathbringer'' cover synopsis]]}} and believes that the Radiants must return.{{ref|text=[[Words of Radiance#Cover Synopsis|''Words of Radiance'' cover synopsis]]}} Arclo tells [[Lift]] that others of his kind are particularly interested in Radiants.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} At least one Dysian Aimian may have fought during [[Aharietiam]], as [[Dalinar Kholin]] notices a heap of burned, strange cremlings in one of [[Dalinar's visions|his visions]];{{book ref|sa3|42}} it is not clear which side they fought on.
  +
  +
=== Modern Roshar ===
  +
The Sleepless are able to monitor current events on Roshar using their hordelings, and they are particularly interested in Dalinar, [[Kaladin]], [[Shallan]], [[Szeth]], [[Eshonai]], and [[Venli]], believing them to be crucial to the future of Roshar.{{ref|text=[[The Way of Kings#Cover Synopsis|''The Way of Kings'' cover synopsis]]}}{{ref|text=[[Words of Radiance#Cover Synopsis|''Words of Radiance'' cover synopsis]]}}{{ref|text=[[Oathbringer#Cover Synopsis|''Oathbringer'' cover synopsis]]}} Arclo believes that [[Lift]] should also be included in that group, and that the other Sleepless should not ignore her.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} Arclo is also aware that the [[Stump]] is a Radiant{{book ref|sa2.5|16}} and that [[Nale]] is alive, referring to him as a "madman".{{book ref|sa2.5|18}}
  +
  +
Dysian Aimians appear to be guarding several secrets from humans, including something that Dalinar seeks but "must not know".{{ref|text=[[Oathbringer#Cover Synopsis|''Oathbringer'' cover synopsis]]}} An unnamed Sleepless learns of [[Vazrmeb]]'s plan to sail the ship ''[[First Dreams]]'' to [[Akinah]] in Aimia; she poses as a [[Reshi]] cook and joins the crew, later poisoning everyone else on board to protect the island.{{book ref|sa3|i|4}} She refuses to divulge any of Akinah's secrets to [[Kaza]] even as she is dying, telling her that doing so could result in the "ends of worlds".{{book ref|sa3|i|4}}
  +
  +
== Attributes and Abilities ==
  +
{{quote
  +
|Beneath that skin was not blood or muscle. It was hundreds of cremlings, pulling together to form a counterfeit man.
  +
|Lift, on Arclo{{book ref|sa2.5|18}}
  +
}}
  +
All Dysian Aimians have the abilities granted by their unusual physiology, including shapeshifting, adaptive evolution, and effective immortality. At least some Dysian Aimians have had the power of [[Worldhopper|Worldhopping]];{{wob ref|12222}} Arclo tells Lift he once traveled to a land she will never visit.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} Sleepless have used [[Surgebinding]] in the past and may use it again in the future.{{ref|text=[[Oathbringer#Cover Synopsis|''Oathbringer'' cover synopsis]]}} They have some relationship to the [[shard]] [[Cultivation]] and possibly another group on Roshar.{{wob ref|9476}} Arclo is able to easily kill two of [[Nale]]'s [[Skybreaker]] apprentices and tells [[Lift]] that it would not have been possible for them to kill him.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} He notes that Dysian Aimians would have nothing to fear even from someone as powerful as a Herald, and that they know to leave his kind alone.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}}
   
 
== Notable Dysian Aimians ==
 
== Notable Dysian Aimians ==
  +
* [[Arclo]]
[[Brandon Sanderson]] has indicated that appearances of cremlings in particular places may indicate the presence of a Dysian Aimian; some such sightings have been directly confirmed by him.
 
  +
* The cook of the ''First Dreams''{{book ref|sa3|i|4}}
* [[Lift]] meets a Sleepless named Arclo in [[Yeddaw]] on the evening of the [[Everstorm]]'s arrival.{{book ref|sa2.5|18}} She also sees several cremlings beforehand that may be Arclo's hordelings.{{book ref|sa2.5|4}}{{book ref|sa2.5|10}}
 
  +
* A Sleepless posing as a cook travels with an expedition to [[Aimia]], where she poisons the entire crew prior to landfall before killing [[Kaza]] in person. The Sleepless appear to be guarding Aimia or [[Akinah]] and certain secrets contained there.{{book ref|sa3|i|4}}
 
  +
=== Confirmed sightings ===
 
[[Brandon Sanderson]] has indicated that conspicuous appearances of cremlings may indicate the presence of a Dysian Aimian; some such sightings have been directly confirmed by him.
  +
 
* [[Hoid]] delivers a monologue to a hordeling while waiting for [[Jasnah]] to Elsecall after her time in [[Shadesmar]].{{book ref|sa2|epilogue}}{{wob ref|1523}}
 
* [[Hoid]] delivers a monologue to a hordeling while waiting for [[Jasnah]] to Elsecall after her time in [[Shadesmar]].{{book ref|sa2|epilogue}}{{wob ref|1523}}
 
* Kaladin notices a deep purple hordeling on one of [[Tvlakv]]'s carts.{{book ref|sa1|4}}{{wob ref|3240}}
 
* Kaladin notices a deep purple hordeling on one of [[Tvlakv]]'s carts.{{book ref|sa1|4}}{{wob ref|3240}}
   
 
=== Unconfirmed sightings ===
 
=== Unconfirmed sightings ===
  +
{{theory}}
 
* Shallan sketches a cremling in the gardens at her family manor.{{book ref|sa2|27}}
 
* Shallan sketches a cremling in the gardens at her family manor.{{book ref|sa2|27}}
 
* [[Mraize]] shoots a cremling on a tree while meeting with Shallan.{{book ref|sa2|43}}
 
* [[Mraize]] shoots a cremling on a tree while meeting with Shallan.{{book ref|sa2|43}}
Line 31: Line 61:
 
== Trivia ==
 
== Trivia ==
 
* The Sleepless were inspired by the Tines in [[wikipedia:A Fire Upon the Deep|A Fire Upon the Deep]], but can spread their members farther apart.{{wob ref|1543}}{{wob ref|9348}}
 
* The Sleepless were inspired by the Tines in [[wikipedia:A Fire Upon the Deep|A Fire Upon the Deep]], but can spread their members farther apart.{{wob ref|1543}}{{wob ref|9348}}
* The Sleepless will play a major role in [[Mistborn_(series)#Era_4:_Third_Mistborn_Trilogy|Mistborn Era 4]].
+
* The Sleepless will play a major role in [[Mistborn_(series)#Era_4:_Third_Mistborn_Trilogy|Mistborn Era 4]].{{wob ref|3341}}
 
* A hordeling could gain or lose something via [[Hemalurgy]], but that would cause it to disconnect from the main hive mind.{{wob ref|3319}}
 
* A hordeling could gain or lose something via [[Hemalurgy]], but that would cause it to disconnect from the main hive mind.{{wob ref|3319}}
* Sleepless have traveled to different worlds in their past, presumably by [[Worldhopping]].{{wob ref|12222}}
 
   
 
== Notes ==
 
== Notes ==
 
<references />
 
<references />
{{partial}}
+
{{complete}}
 
{{Stormlight}}
 
{{Stormlight}}

Revision as of 22:48, 26 March 2019

Sleepless
Arclo.jpg
Sapient y
World of Origin Roshar

Dysian Aimians, also known as Sleepless,[1] are a sapient non-human race found on Roshar that once lived in the Silver Kingdom of Aimia.[2]

Appearance and Anatomy

The cook began to hum. Pieces of her broke off. She crumbled to a pile of chittering little cremlings that moved out of her clothing, leaving it in a heap.

—Kaza, watching the cook of the First Dreams[3]

Dysian Aimians have a unique physiology, as their "bodies" are actually comprised of thousands[4] of small cremling-like creatures called "hordelings" that are able to function as a single consciousness.[5][6] The hordelings are not limited in how they assemble themselves; with practice, a Sleepless can mimic the shape of other creatures, including humans.[4] However, many Sleepless are barely humanoid.[7] They refer to themselves as "Sleepless"[1] because at least some part of the horde is always awake.[4] Unlike Siah Aimians, Dysian Aimians cannot mate with humans.[8]

Hordelings

Hordelings are usually about the size of a finger,[4] and can be as large as a fist.[9] Hordelings on Roshar often resemble native creatures known as cremlings simply to make them less noticeable to casual observers; they can take other forms.[10] The hordelings of each Sleepless are not all identical, and often serve specific purposes.[6] For example, because Arclo tries to pass as a human, many of his hordelings have protrusions on their backs that resemble human parts such as skin or eyeballs; he is also able to speak with a passably human voice.[4] However, hordelings cannot actually shapeshift, so the nature of a Sleepless body is always visible upon close inspection.[4] Sleepless therefore tend to cover their "skin" when possible, or use the appearance of older skin[4] or tattoos[3] to obscure their true nature.

Adaptation and Regeneration

Hordelings can be specially bred to enhance specific capabilities of a Sleepless, such as a heightened sense of smell or increased memory capacity, although this process takes some time.[4] There is a limit on both the total mass and number of hordelings a Sleepless can have at any given time,[11] but the maximum number would definitely allow a Sleepless to become larger than human-sized.[9][12] Because they can continually create new hordelings to replace any that are lost, the personality of a Sleepless can live forever, as long as not too many of the hordelings are destroyed at once.[13]

Consciousness

In practice, hordelings function as a "hive mind",[6] but they are not technically one entity.[14] Hordelings have the ability to separate from the main body to act as remote agents while maintaining their mental link with the rest of the horde.[4] Certain circumstances could lead to a hordeling being split off from the group and forced to act independently.[14] For example, a hordeling that is physically too distant from the others can lose contact with the main mind, and this would affect its Cognitive aspect.[15] The Sleepless are not able to split their consciousness between the Cognitive Realm and the Physical Realm.[14]

History

The Sleepless lived in Aimia prior to the Scouring of Aimia, which has been characterized by Hessi as "total destruction".[16] They coexisted with the Siah Aimians, but are not related to them.[17] Dysian Aimians exist on other planets in the cosmere[18] and have traveled between them in the past,[19] so it is not clear if their true origin is Roshar. During the events of the Stormlight Archive, relatively few Sleepless are still alive.[20][21] As both Siah Aimians and Dysian Aimians are immortal, the remaining individuals seem to be aware of each other.[4] Hoid is the only character that has used the term "Dysian" in the books, and the source of the term is unknown.[22]

Heraldic Epochs

The blurbs on the back covers of the Stormlight Archive books are written from an in-universe perspective and are authored by Dysian Aimians;[23] the author of the blurb on The Way of Kings is an "odd" individual who has not otherwise appeared in the books.[24] It is clear that the Sleepless have a long history with the Heralds and Knights Radiant, as the blurb references the period before the Last Desolation.[25] It is also implied that some Sleepless were once able to use the power of Surgebinding.[26] At least some of the Sleepless, including Arclo,[4] were allies of the Heralds and Knights Radiant during the Heraldic Epochs; the author of the blurbs calls the Unmade and Odium "enemies"[26] and believes that the Radiants must return.[27] Arclo tells Lift that others of his kind are particularly interested in Radiants.[4] At least one Dysian Aimian may have fought during Aharietiam, as Dalinar Kholin notices a heap of burned, strange cremlings in one of his visions;[28] it is not clear which side they fought on.

Modern Roshar

The Sleepless are able to monitor current events on Roshar using their hordelings, and they are particularly interested in Dalinar, Kaladin, Shallan, Szeth, Eshonai, and Venli, believing them to be crucial to the future of Roshar.[25][27][26] Arclo believes that Lift should also be included in that group, and that the other Sleepless should not ignore her.[4] Arclo is also aware that the Stump is a Radiant[29] and that Nale is alive, referring to him as a "madman".[4]

Dysian Aimians appear to be guarding several secrets from humans, including something that Dalinar seeks but "must not know".[26] An unnamed Sleepless learns of Vazrmeb's plan to sail the ship First Dreams to Akinah in Aimia; she poses as a Reshi cook and joins the crew, later poisoning everyone else on board to protect the island.[3] She refuses to divulge any of Akinah's secrets to Kaza even as she is dying, telling her that doing so could result in the "ends of worlds".[3]

Attributes and Abilities

Beneath that skin was not blood or muscle. It was hundreds of cremlings, pulling together to form a counterfeit man.

—Lift, on Arclo[4]

All Dysian Aimians have the abilities granted by their unusual physiology, including shapeshifting, adaptive evolution, and effective immortality. At least some Dysian Aimians have had the power of Worldhopping;[19] Arclo tells Lift he once traveled to a land she will never visit.[4] Sleepless have used Surgebinding in the past and may use it again in the future.[26] They have some relationship to the shard Cultivation and possibly another group on Roshar.[30] Arclo is able to easily kill two of Nale's Skybreaker apprentices and tells Lift that it would not have been possible for them to kill him.[4] He notes that Dysian Aimians would have nothing to fear even from someone as powerful as a Herald, and that they know to leave his kind alone.[4]

Notable Dysian Aimians

Confirmed sightings

Brandon Sanderson has indicated that conspicuous appearances of cremlings may indicate the presence of a Dysian Aimian; some such sightings have been directly confirmed by him.

Unconfirmed sightings

This page or section deals with theories or speculation.
Please read carefully and note that this is not necessarily canonical.
  • Shallan sketches a cremling in the gardens at her family manor.[35]
  • Mraize shoots a cremling on a tree while meeting with Shallan.[36]
  • Dalinar comes across a cremling while looking for Talenel in the warcamps.[37]
  • Kaladin notices a strange cremling on a table in a stormshelter in Kholinar.[38]

Trivia

  • The Sleepless were inspired by the Tines in A Fire Upon the Deep, but can spread their members farther apart.[6][39]
  • The Sleepless will play a major role in Mistborn Era 4.[40]
  • A hordeling could gain or lose something via Hemalurgy, but that would cause it to disconnect from the main hive mind.[41]

Notes

  1. a b General Signed Books 2016
    Arcanum - 2016-11-22#
  2. Arcanum Unbounded release party
    Arcanum - 2016-11-22#
  3. a b c d e Oathbringer interlude I-4#
  4. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Edgedancer chapter 18#
  5. Skyward Pre-Release AMA
    Arcanum - 2018-10-29#
  6. a b c d Arcanum Unbounded Chicago signing
    Arcanum - 2016-12-06#
  7. Shadows of Self Nottingham UK signing
    Arcanum - 2015-10-22#
  8. Legion Release Party
    Arcanum - 2018-09-19#
  9. a b Skyward release party
    Arcanum - 2018-11-06#
  10. Leipzig Book Fair
    Arcanum - 2017-03-24#
  11. Skyward Chicago signing
    Arcanum - 2018-11-16#
  12. Skyward Denver signing
    Arcanum - 2018-11-15#
  13. Stormlight Three Update #5
    Arcanum - 2016-11-29#
  14. a b c Skyward Seattle signing
    Arcanum - 2018-11-10#
  15. Skyward San Diego signing
    Arcanum - 2018-11-07#
  16. Oathbringer chapter 113 epigraph#
  17. Shadows of Self Boston signing
    Arcanum - 2015-10-14#
  18. Skyward release party
    Arcanum - 2018-11-06#
  19. a b Idaho Falls signing
    Arcanum - 2018-12-29#
  20. Arcanum Unbounded Seattle signing
    Arcanum - 2016-12-01#
  21. The Way of Kings interlude I-5#
  22. The Way of Kings chapter 54#
  23. Arcanum Unbounded Chicago signing
    Arcanum - 2016-12-06#
  24. Orem Signing
    Arcanum - 2019-03-16#
  25. a b The Way of Kings cover synopsis
  26. a b c d e Oathbringer cover synopsis
  27. a b Words of Radiance cover synopsis
  28. Oathbringer chapter 42#
  29. Edgedancer chapter 16#
  30. General Signed Books 2018
    Arcanum - 2018-04-17#
  31. Words of Radiance epilogue#
  32. Arcanum Unbounded Chicago signing
    Arcanum - 2016-12-06#
  33. The Way of Kings chapter 4#
  34. Supanova 2017 - Sydney
    Arcanum - 2017-06-16#
  35. Words of Radiance chapter 27#
  36. Words of Radiance chapter 43#
  37. Oathbringer chapter 50#
  38. Oathbringer chapter 77#
  39. Emerald City Comic Con 2018
    Arcanum - 2018-03-01#
  40. Leipzig Book Fair
    Arcanum - 2017-03-24#
  41. Leipzig Book Fair
    Arcanum - 2017-03-24#
This page is probably complete!
This page contains most of the knowledge we have on the subject at this time.
It has yet to be reviewed.