Editing Singer

{{lifeform
|image=Folio - Contemporary Singer Fashion color.jpeg
|world=Roshar
|universe=[[Cosmere]]
|books=[[The Stormlight Archive]]
}}
{{update|sa4}}
{{quote
|The betrayal of spren has brought us here.<!--
--><br/>They gave their Surges to human heirs,<!--
--><br/>But not to those who know them most dear, before us.<!--
--><br/>’Tis no surprise we turned away<!--
--><br/>Unto the gods we spent our days<!--
--><br/>And to become their molding clay, they changed us.
|[[Song of Secrets]], 40th Stanza{{epigraph ref|sa2|28}}
}}

The '''singers''' are the most common and widespread sapient species on [[Roshar]].{{book ref|sa3|54}}{{book ref|sa3|106}} The Alethi refer to them as '''parsh'''{{epigraph ref|sa3|77}} or '''parshmen'''.{{book ref|sa1|3}} They are native Rosharan lifeforms{{book ref|sa3|111}} characterized by their bipedalism, carapace, high intelligence, tetramorphic sexual paradigm, and the presence of a gemheart they can use to create symbiotic bonds with spren, which has a significant impact on both their biology and cognition. They are highly social animals capable of forming complex social structures and civilizations, with complex institutions defining their social interactions. 

They are descended from the ancient [[Dawnsingers]] who first inhabited ancient Roshar before the [[Shattering of Adonalsium]], first emerging upon their creation over ten-thousand years prior to the [[True Desolation]].{{wob ref|1723}}{{book ref|sa3|111}} The level of biological similarity they have with their ancestors is unclear. 

Singers predate the humans as inhabitants of Roshar.{{book ref|sa3|111}} Around the time of the [[Recreance]],{{epigraph ref|sa3|81}} many of the singers had their [[Connection]] and [[Identity]] stolen, pieces of their souls ripped away.{{book ref|sa3|17}} This made those singers docile and subservient, which humans called parshmen and enslaved for millennia after.{{book ref|sa1|72}} With the advent of the [[Everstorm]], these singers were healed and restored.{{book ref|sa3|17}}

== Etymology and definition ==
''Singer'' and ''listener'' are the translations of what the singers call themselves in their own respective languages, [[Dawnchant]] and ''Listener'', both in the Dawnate language family.{{wob ref|3977}} ''Singer'' technically does not refer to the entire species, with the species name being currently unknown.{{wob ref|11846}}{{wob ref|15134}} ''Listener'' refers specifically to the singers which, at some point prior to the [[Recreance]], turned away from Odium and abandoned their [[Regal]] forms and chose to settle on the [[Shattered Plains]].{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}

Etymologically, ''Singer'' refers to their singing of the Rhythms of Roshar,{{cite}} and is likely derived from ''Dawnsinger''.

To the Alethi, they are known as the ''Parshendi'', translating to ''Parshmen who can think'', referring to their high cognitive capacity compared to [[slaveform]]s kept as slaves by humans.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}}

== Evolution ==
Singers did not evolve naturally, but were instead intentionally created by [[Adonalsium]] some time prior to its Shattering.{{wob ref|12266}} It is unknown how much modern singers differ from their distant ancestors. 

They were created as an essential part of the Rosharan ecosystem, to what effect is unknown.{{wob ref|1723}} They were also intentionally made to be able to breed with humans.{{wob ref|9235}}

== Biology and Appearance ==
{{image|Call to Adventure - Willshaper.png|side=right|width=250px|A femalen singer}}

Singers are humanoid, but not entirely similar to ''Homo sapiens'', differing in various notable aspects. 

They are bipedal, and posses a foramen magnum at the base of the skull; they also have a large intracranial space, comparable to ''Homo sapiens''. This, alongside a presumably well-developed cerebrum, gives them a high cognitive capacity. It is unclear how prominent of a supraorbital ridge they possess, if any. They have a protruding nasus very similar to that of humans.

They have greater resistance to cold temperatures than humans.{{book ref|sa4|102}}

=== Aging and Senescence === 

Apart from their polychromatic skin, singers have other features that differentiate them from humans. They grow at a faster rate than humans and have slightly shorter average lifespans.{{wob ref|13401}}{{book ref|sa4|83}} In the [[listener]]s' culture, [[Venli]] started to learn about singing as a keeper of songs at age three and is considered adult at age ten.{{book ref|sa4|83}} 

Their epidermal marbling whitening at the edges is a sign of age and senescence.{{book ref|sa4|62}} Furthermore, elderly singers can experience cognitive decline, memory loss, and difficulty developing new memories.{{cite}} Dullform experiences rapid degradation in mental faculties as one ages, Singer children are born in dullform, and do not experience the normal cognitive impairments of dullform in adult singers. By around seven or eight Rosharan years, cognitive decline begins to manifest, forcing young singers to take on a different form.{{book ref|sa4|68}}{{wob ref|14067}}

=== Carapace ===

Their bodies have red-orange carapace growing over various parts of their body; where and how much depends on what form the singer is currently in, but they typically cover the cranium and the upper extremities.{{book ref|sa3|55}} Their carapace is held on to their body by a series of blue ligaments, suggesting the lack of an epidermis under their carapace.{{book ref|sa1|59}}

The amount of carapace and where it forms is dependent on the form the singer is in, for example, in warform it manifests as armor-like plating across the entire body; this carapace armor is designed not only to grant greater protection to the singer, but also to trap air and push it up underneath to cool them.{{book ref|sa4|81}} On the other hand, nimbleform entirely lacks carapace.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}

=== Circulatory System ===
Singers have orange blood.{{book ref|sa3|38}} They possess a heart which pumps blood through their body in a closed circulatory system.{{book ref|sa3|111}}{{wob ref|15302}}{{cite}}

=== Endoskeleton ===
Their endoskeletons are made up of red-coloured bones.{{book ref|sa1|59}}{{book ref|sa1|62}}{{book ref|sa1|64}} They are known to possess a sternum, which is fused with their gemheart.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}} Within the bone is a white marrow-like substance.{{wob ref|9353}}

=== Epidermis and Epidermal Marblings ===

The most apparent sign of their non-human nature is the epidermis; it is covered in marblings, swirls of various colors - red, black or white.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} Most singers have dichromatic epidermides, either red-black or red-white; these marblings can manifest in various way, both as delicate swirls and large, wind-swept patterns.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}{{book ref|sa3|116}} There are singers whose skin is trichromatic, but they are extremely rare relative to the dichromatic phenotype.{{book ref|sa3|54}}{{book ref|sa4|45}} The color whitening at the edges is a sign of age and senescence.{{book ref|sa4|62}} Their hair is typically orange or red -- colors that do not appear to occur naturally in Rosharan humans, outside of those with partial singer genetic admixture.{{wob ref|5782}}{{book ref|sa3|109}} There is a relationship between the color of singer hair and their individual marbling colors.{{wob ref|14827}}

=== Extremities === 

They possess four limbs, made up of two upper and two lower extremities. Their upper extremities end with five-digit hands, and their lower extremities end with five-digit feet. 

=== Gemhearts ===
Like many local species in the Rosharan biosphere, singers possess [[gemheart]]s, though theirs have a cloudy white coloration, and are fused to and grown into their sternum.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}{{wob ref|9353}} Those gemhearts allow them to bond with [[spren]], letting them change their '''forms''', leading to a change in both appearance and some mental faculty.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} Due to their gemhearts, singers do not leak [[Lights]] like humans do.{{book ref|sa4|31}}

The gemheart forms due to the internal chemical workings of the body, which uses the nutrients and chemicals present in crem in order to form the gemheart.{{wob ref|756}}{{wob ref|13335}}

=== Height ===
Due to Roshar's relatively low gravity, they are relatively tall compared to humans from other planets, averaging at over six feet (1.83 metres).{{cite}} Their height varies between forms, with forms such as Warform being taller and bulkier than other forms,{{book ref|sa3|37}}{{book ref|sa4|68}} and with envoyform being even taller than warform and Alethi humans.{{book ref|sa3|37}}{{book ref|sa4|68}}{{book ref|sa4|31}}{{book ref|sa3|109}}{{book ref|sa4|11}}{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}

=== Mandible and Molar Structure ===

Their teeth are built differently than human teeth; their back molars allow them to chew through shells, their dental formula is unknown, but is likely divergent from the dental formula of ''homo sapiens''.{{wob ref|2778}}{{wob ref|5782}} Their ability to crush shells is further assisted by a divergent mandible structure, with several bones not present in human mandibles, situated near the back of the structure.{{wob ref|3922}}

=== Metabolism and Diet ===
Their metabolism is geared towards metabolizing shells, which their jaw structure helps them to crush, allowing them to make better use of the local fauna.{{wob ref|2778}} 

Singers can drink crem without getting sick.{{wob ref|11570}}

=== Ocular Structure ===
They have two eyes set in orbital cavities.{{cite}}<!--- Add the figure art for Kaladin with the skeletal armor once uploaded---> They are divergent from the eyes of ''homo sapiens'' - with black sclerae and no visible iris, giving them an all-black appearance.{{book ref|sa1|53}}

=== Sexes and reproduction ===
Singers possess four distinct sexes; male and female, which are capable of reproduction, and their neutered variants, '''malen''' and '''femalen'''.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} Singers' sex will change from between male and malen, or female and femalen, as they change forms; the vast majority of forms are either malen or femalen. As such, most singers are asexual the vast majority of the time.{{wob ref|3400}}{{wob ref|3388}} Singers usually identify as one of those four genders as well, though some identify with a non-quaternary gender and singer culture recognizes at least one non-quaternary gender.{{wob ref|11152}}

Singers cannot switch between male and female or malen and femalen by biological means, though it is possible to do so through Invested means.{{cite}} Their sex-determination system is unknown, and following from the inability to switch between male and female, ultimately decides between two sexes, despite their tetramorphism.{{wob ref|3922}}{{wob ref|5782}} 


==== Interspecies Breeding and Introgression ====

Despite these genotypical and phenotypical differences, singers and humans are capable of cross-breeding; the [[Herdazian]]s and [[Unkalaki]] are notable examples of human ethnicities with singer ancestry, although they experienced a heavy degree of introgression. This ancestry is the source of the Herdazians' stone-like nails as well as the Unkalaki's shell-chewing teeth and red hair.{{wob ref|3922}}{{wob ref|5782}} As a result of their singer ancestry, Herdazians and Unkalaki are also more likely to identify as asexual.{{wob ref|3400}} It's unknown whether there are currently any people with both human and singer ancestry who identify as singers.

They do not share a common ancestor, though can interbreed due to the similar intent behind their creation.{{wob ref|3922}}{{wob ref|9235}}

==== Sexual Tetramorphism ====

Sexual tetramorphism is minimal in asexual forms, enough so that it is easy to misidentify the sex of a singer.{{cite}} The presence of facial hair on male and malen singers is one mark of sexual dimorphism present in malen and femalen forms.{{cite}} Female individuals, particularly those in mateform, have prominent breasts which are less notable in femalen individuals.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}

=== Spiritual Aspects ===

Despite these biological differences, singers are like humans in many [[Spiritual Realm|Spiritual]] aspects. Like humans, they can receive boons and curses from the [[Nightwatcher]].{{wob ref|1378}} They can also bond [[spren]] to attain [[Knights Radiant|Radiant]] powers, though most spren are unwilling to reach out for such a bond.{{book ref|sa3|120}} Singers can see the reality of the spren more closely than a human.{{book ref|sa4|48}}

== Forms ==
{{image|Parshendi by Javier Corpas.png|side=left|width=250px|A femalen singer}}
By bonding various [[spren]] in the [[highstorm]] or [[Everstorm]], Singers are capable of changing their '''form''', leading to a different appearance, capabilities and even mental state, as well as changing subtly their [[Spiritual Realm|Spiritual aspect]].{{book ref|sa2|i|5}}{{wob ref|3862}} It is possible that the forms also alter [[Identity]].{{wob ref|12722}} New forms come with a level of instinctual understanding.{{book ref|sa4|81}} Singers can maintain their form indefinitely, without needing to resupply with [[stormlight]] or [[voidlight]], and can use the abilities granted by the form without needing additional fuel.{{wob ref|11340}} New forms could exist.{{wob ref|14296}} Certain things can stop a singer from changing forms, such as [[Shardplate]].{{book ref|sa2|i|5}}

The forms are specializations, and gear the singer towards a particular purpose; for example, warform grants armor and increased strength, making it suitable for combat, while nimbleform grants dexterity, making it good for delicate tasks.{{book ref|sa2|79}}{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} There are also more specific forms, such as artform for creative endeavours, or mateform for breeding.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} Aside from dullform, every form is associated with a specific type of spren.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}} Ordinarily, what spren a singer will bond -- and thus what form they'll assume -- depends on their mindset during the highstorm. However, capturing a spren in a gemstone and bringing it into the storm all but ensures that a specific form will be selected.{{book ref|sa2|i|5}} Bonding to a [[Sja-anat|corrupted]] spren will give different results.{{wob ref|15322}} 

When changing forms, a singer may temporarily not be able to hear certain rhythms, or hear pure tones.{{book ref|sa2|i|5}}{{book ref|sa4|68}}

[[Hemalurgy]] could also be used to replicate the transformation of the forms.{{wob ref|3471}}

[[Listener]]s recounted many common forms in the [[Song of Listing]]; they also have songs speaking of [[Regal|forms of power]] -- the [[Song of Secrets]] and the [[Song of Winds]].

=== Known common forms ===
These forms are mentioned in the listener [[Song of Listing]]. After the [[Recreance]] and before the [[True Desolation]], when the only singers who could think clearly were the [[listener]]s, the listeners only discovered five forms: dullform, mateform, warform, workform, and nimbleform. When the [[Everstorm]] arrived and healed the other singers, singers held these forms and other common forms the listeners could not reproduce, such as artform and scholarform, and had a "dozen" options.{{book ref|sa3|I|7}}

====Dullform====
{{image|Dullform by Marie Seeberger.jpg|side=right|width=200px}}
{{quote
| Dullform dread, with the mind most lost.<!--
--><br>The lowest, and one not bright.</br><!--
--><br>To find this form, one needs banish cost.</br><!--
-->It finds you and brings you to blight.
| final stanza of the [[Song of Listing]]{{epigraph ref|sa2|17}}
}}

Dullform occurs when a singer bonds an incorrect [[spren]], or a spren that does not grant any other form.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}} It's physically similar to the "slaveform" of the parshmen, to the point where a dullform singer can easily pass for one.{{book ref|sa2|79}} It is also mentally limiting; those in dullform find thinking difficult, as if they were half-asleep, and have a harder time hearing the [[rhythm]]s.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa3|55}} 

Dullform was one of the two forms the [[Last Legion]] was left with after breaking away from the rest of the singers, alongside mateform. It was largely abandoned as other forms were rediscovered. However, [[listener]] spies still used it when infiltrating the human warcamps, thanks to its similarity to slaveform.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}

Singer children are born in dullform, though for them, it is more vibrant and less cloudy; a property it loses as the singer ages.{{book ref|sa4|68}} The listeners call this subtype of dullform "childform".{{wob ref|14067}} They need to take another form around the age of seven or eight.{{book ref|sa4|68}}

<br style="clear:right;">
====Mateform====
{{image|Mateform by Marie Seeberger.jpg|side=right|width=200px}}
{{quote
| Mateform meek, for love to share,<!--
--><br>Given to life, it brings us joy.</br><!--
--><br>To find this form, one must care.</br><!--
-->True empathy, one must employ.
| 5th stanza of the [[Song of Listing]]{{epigraph ref|sa2|14}}
}}

Mateform is used by singers to reproduce; though the other forms are capable of having children, mateform is the one most specialized for the purpose.{{wob ref|3400}} In female singers, entering mateform increases the size of their breasts; it's unknown what physical effect it has on male singers. Mentally, mateform causes a singer to behave irresponsibly and become distracted in favour of the form's primary purpose; mateforms will sometimes ignore their assigned task, or do things that are expressly forbidden, without realizing the issue with that.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} Some singers are, however, capable of keeping themselves together while in mateform, though this requires strong mental discipline.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}} Singers in mateform are bonded with [[Spren#Lifespren|lifespren]].{{book ref|sa4|68}}

It was one of the original forms the [[Last Legion]] had after abandoning the [[Regal]] forms, alongside dullform. Presently, most singers assume it only transiently, when they wish to attempt having children, though there are some who keep it on at all times.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}

<br style="clear:right;">
====Warform====
{{image|Warform by Marie Seeberger.jpg|width=200px|side=right}}
{{quote
| Warform is worn for battle and reign,<!--
--><br>Claimed by the gods, given to kill.</br><!--
--><br>Unknown, unseen, but vital to gain.</br><!--
-->It comes to those with the will.
| 15th stanza of the [[Song of Listing]]{{epigraph ref|sa2|13}}
}}

Warform gives listeners an armor-like carapace, and makes them taller and bulkier than other forms.{{book ref|sa3|37}}{{book ref|sa4|68}} The carapace armor is designed to trap air and push it up underneath to cool the singer.{{book ref|sa4|81}} It grants them vastly increased strength; a singer in warform can leap over a chasm of the [[Shattered Plains]] with a running start.{{book ref|sa2|i|5}} Stamina is greatly increased, allowing singers to run for hours without strain.{{book ref|sa4|81}} It also deepens their voice.{{book ref|sa4|68}} Out of all the forms known to the listeners, warform requires the most food, but is also the most durable, and a warform singer heals faster than they would in any other form.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}{{book ref|sa4|81}} Mentally, the warform has less impact than most others; it makes one more pragmatic and slightly more inclined towards violence.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa2|i|11}} It also severely hampers artistic ability, and is not well-equipped to handle abstractions.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} Singers in warform are bonded with [[Spren#Painspren|painspren]].{{book ref|sa4|68}}

The first listeners to enter warform heard the pure tone of Honor.{{book ref|sa4|68}}

<br style="clear:right;">

====Workform====
{{image|Workform by Marie Seeberger.jpg|side=right|width=200px}}
{{quote
| Workform worn for strength and care.<!--
--><br>Whispering spren breathe at your ear.</br><!--
--><br>Seek first this form, its mysteries to bear.</br><!--
-->Found here is freedom from fear.
| 19th stanza of the [[Song of Listing]]{{epigraph ref|sa2|15}}
}}

Workform endows increased strength, though it lacks the armor; rather, singers in workform are limber and rugged. It's better suited for labor, and most workers use it; however, it is also sometimes used when fighting.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa3|115}} While in workform, singers are more obedient, and have greater difficulty committing violence, forcing one to find peaceful solutions to various problems.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa2|i|11}} It's also considered more flexible than warform.{{book ref|sa3|prologue}} Singers in workform are bonded with [[Spren#Gravitationspren|gravitationspren]].{{book ref|sa4|11}}

The first listeners to bond workform heard the pure tone of Cultivation.{{book ref|sa4|68}}

<br style="clear:right;">

====Nimbleform====
{{image|Nimbleform by Marie Seeberger.jpg|side=right|width=200px}}
{{quote
| Nimbleform has a delicate touch.<!--
--><br>Gave the gods this form to many,</br><!--
--><br>Tho' once defied, by the gods they were crushed.</br><!--
-->This form craves precision and plenty.
| 27th stanza of the [[Song of Listing]]{{epigraph ref|sa2|16}}
}}

Nimbleform is a general form without any singular, apparent function; rather, it's useful for all work that requires dexterity and care. For this reason, listeners use it for tasks such as research, art, and raising children.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} It has no carapace, and less endurance than other forms; singers in nimbleform are physically weaker, grow longer hair, and have thinner, more slender facial features.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa2|i|4}} It does not impede the mind, and in fact encourages greater focus.{{book ref|sa2|i|11}}

This form was rediscovered by the singers during the [[War of Reckoning]], through research led by [[Venli]].{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} It is possible that a bond with a windspren is what allows singers to enter nimbleform.{{book ref|sa4|73}} During the [[True Desolation]], most liberated singers wore either it or workform.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}

<br style="clear:right;">

====Mediationform====
{{quote
| Mediationform made for peace, it's said.<!--
--><br>Form of teaching and consolation.</br><!--
--><br>When used by the gods, it became instead</br><!--
-->Form of lies and desolation.
| 33rd stanza of the [[Song of Listing]]{{epigraph ref|sa2|21}}
}}

Little is known about mediationform; it appears to bestow improved speech capabilities, or better ability to convince or bestow information upon others.{{epigraph ref|sa2|21}} Singers in mediationform have smooth, beautiful carapace, and open faces.{{book ref|sa4|51}} The head researcher of the listeners, [[Venli]], claimed that she was looking for it throughout the [[War of Reckoning]], but in reality, she never truly attempted to rediscover mediationform in the first place, instead searching for stormform.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}

====Scholarform====
{{quote
| Scholarform shown for patience and thought.<!--
--><br>Beware its ambitions innate.</br><!--
--><br>Though study and diligence bring the reward,</br><!--
-->Loss of innocence may be one's fate.
| 69th stanza of the [[Song of Listing]]{{epigraph ref|sa2|18}}
}}

Though present in the [[Song of Listing]], scholarform has only been reclaimed during the [[True Desolation]]; during the [[War of Reckoning]], listeners used nimbleform as a substitute.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} It appears to increase one's mental faculty and patience.{{epigraph ref|sa2|18}} Physically, it produces long hairstrands and angular features.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}

====Artform====
{{quote
| Artform applied for beauty and hue.</br><!--
--><br>One yearns for the songs it creates.</br><!--
--><br>Most misunderstood by the artist it's true,</br><!--
-->Come the spren to foundation's fates.
|90th stanza of the [[Song of Listing]]{{epigraph ref|sa2|20}}
}}
{{quote
| Artform for colors beyond our ken;<!--
--><br>For its grand songs we yearn.</br><!--
--><br>We must attract creationspren;</br><!--
-->These songs suffice 'til we learn.
|279th stanza of the [[Song of Revision]]{{epigraph ref|sa2|29}}
}}

Artform is formed by bonding [[creationspren]];{{epigraph ref|sa2|29}} as its name implies, it specializes in artistic expression, such as painting or music.{{epigraph ref|sa2|20}} Venli claimed to be researching this form to other listeners, though that was most likely a lie.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}} It has not been discovered during the [[War of Reckoning]], but rather returned to the singers through the [[Everstorm]].{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}

===Forms of Power===
{{image|Eshonai Portrait - Stormform by Marie Seeberger.jpg|side=right|width=250px|A singer in [[stormform]]}}
{{quote
|Qualify yourselves for greater service, and you will be elevated to the place of a Regal, given a form of power.
|[[Fused]] propaganda{{book ref|sa3|115}}
}}
Forms of power are attained by bonding a [[voidspren]] rather than an ordinary spren. Within Odium's army, such singers are referred to as [[Regal]]s.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}} In contrast to common forms, forms of power bestow explicitly supernatural abilities, such as being able to shoot lightning from one's fingers or speak any language in the world.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}{{book ref|sa2|i|8}} They can drastically alter one's ways of thinking, such as making people more selfish and callous, and can feel intoxicating.{{book ref|sa2|i|11}}{{book ref|sa3|i|3}} They allow singers to hear and use new rhythms, but make hearing the old ones extremely difficult.{{book ref|sa2|i|11}}

Forms of power include, among others, [[stormform]], [[nightform]], [[smokeform]], [[decayform]], and [[envoyform]].

'''{{for|Regal#Known Forms of Power|a list of known Regal forms}}'''

==Slaveform==
{{image|Slaveform by Marie Seeberger.jpg|side=right|width=250px|A parshman servant}}
{{quote
|They may have taken your freedom, but they took our '''minds'''.
|[[Sah]] to Kaladin on their respective forms of slavery{{book ref|sa3|17}}
}}

The term '''slaveform''' is how listeners describe singers with no [[spren]] bond, no form, and vastly limited mental capacity; humans refer to such singers as the '''parshmen'''.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} It looks visually similar to dullform, enough so that humans can confuse the two.{{book ref|sa2|71}} Slaveform did not exist until after the [[False Desolation]].{{wob ref|8400}} It was created when [[Melishi]] led a strike team to capture [[Ba-Ado-Mishram]], who was providing the singers with [[Regal]] forms.{{epigraph ref|sa3|80}} Though successful, it had an unintended side effect of robbing singers of [[Connection]] and [[Identity]], and thus creating slaveform.{{epigraph ref|sa3|81}}

Physically, slaveform singers are strong enough to perform physical labor.{{book ref|sa1|55}} However, they lack [[Identity]] and [[Connection]], rendering them mentally stunted.{{book ref|sa3|17}} Though seemingly capable of feeling and understanding their situation, they cannot fully comprehend it. Their awareness is dreamlike and they have no capacity to understand fully or act on their feelings.{{book ref|sa3|17}} They are capable of processing and understanding orders, and will obey without question. When left on their own, they sit around, not doing anything.{{book ref|sa1|33}}

Despite this, slaveform singers do retain some mental faculty. They can speak, though rarely do so.{{book ref|sa1|7}} They care about and are protective of their dead, usually objecting to anyone tending to them.{{book ref|sa1|26}} They also care for their young, though they have little capacity to object if separated.{{book ref|sa3|17}} The passing of the [[Everstorm]] has healed the parshmen by restoring their [[Connection]] and [[Identity]]. As such, this form no longer exists during the [[True Desolation]].{{wob ref|3643}}{{book ref|sa3|17}}

=== Exploitation ===
Prior to the arrival of the [[Everstorm]], parshmen are used as slave labor across the entirety of [[Roshar]].{{book ref|sa1|3}} Parshmen slaves are typically more expensive than human ones, due to being naturally obedient and extremely unlikely to attempt an escape.{{book ref|sa3|prologue}} Singers who can successfully birth healthy children are purposefully bred, and often sold off on this basis, even if this requires splitting up families.{{book ref|sa3|17}}

They are often used as servants, as well as heavy menial labor.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}}{{book ref|sa3|63}} They are used as porters in various locations around the world, hauling both cargo and carriages.{{book ref|sa1|7}}{{book ref|sa2|54}} Many countries rely on them for their economy and proper functioning of their cities; the loss of their labor due to the Everstorm would spell a crisis even without the ongoing war.{{book ref|sa3|59}}

== Rhythms ==
{{for|Rhythm}}

Singers are connected to rhythms, the underlying "beats" of the [[cosmere]] that manifest particularly strongly on [[Roshar]].{{wob ref|7414}}{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} There are numerous rhythms, and singers can attune to any one of them. Each rhythm represents a certain state of mind, emotion or feeling; when not paying attention, singers will attune to the rhythm that corresponds to their mood, but can also attune another to fit with their message. This attuning manifests as hearing the beat of the rhythm in one's head.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}} All rhythms connect the singers to each other and [[Roshar]] itself.{{wob ref|13451}} This, and their regular nature, allows the singers to use the rhythms for measuring time, among others.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}{{book ref|sa4|74}}

The singers speak and sing to the rhythms; they carry the singers' emotions, as well as add meaning to their words. However, not all forms can attune the rhythms equally. Dullform can only hear them weakly; slaveform cannot hear them at all.{{book ref|sa3|55}} Additionally, those infused with the power of [[Odium]], mainly the [[Regal]]s and the [[Fused]], can only hear Odium's rhythms, also called the Rhythms of Power. Those rhythms, while similar to regular ones, are usually more violent and aggressive, and represent more twisted, angrier emotions -- for example, Ridicule replaces Amusement, and Command approximates Appreciation.{{book ref|sa3|i|3}}{{book ref|sa2|i|11}} They also feel and sound different than the ordinary rhythms.{{wob ref|1682}}

[[Soother]]s can affect singer rhythms and may dampen Odium's influence.{{wob ref|8424}} Singers with the Third [[Heightening]] would be able to sing Pure Tones of planets other than Roshar, and could potentially do this before the Third Heightening.{{wob ref|15851}}

== History ==
=== Creation ===
The singers predate the arrival of humans on Roshar, having been created by Adonalsium as part of the planet's natural ecosystem.{{wob ref|1723}}

=== The Dawnsingers ===
{{quote
|Our pity destroyed us.
|From the [[Eila Stele]]{{book ref|sa3|111}}
}}
After the [[Expulsion]], in which mankind accidentally destroyed their homeworld, [[Ashyn]], the ancient singers were ordered by their gods [[Honor]] and [[Cultivation]] to help the human refugees who arrived on their planet. These ancient singers were known as the Dawnsingers.{{book ref|sa3|111}} Initially, the two species interacted peaceably, with some singers and humans even intermingling, creating [[Herdazian]]s and the [[Unkalaki]].{{wob ref|5262}}

However, mankind's arrival also brought [[Odium]], and conflict soon began. Humans, originally granted only the land of [[Shinovar]], sought to expand, causing the conflict that would eventually come to be known as the [[First Desolation]]. During that time, the singers came to call humans "Voidbringers", as humans cannot hear the rhythms. In that conflict, [[spren]] eventually came to side with humans, leading to a sense of deep betrayal in the singers.{{book ref|sa3|111}} It seems that the singers did something that caused the spren to turn on them.{{wob ref|5653}}{{book ref|sa4|87}}

=== The Fused ===
{{for|Fused}}
{{image|The Fused by jurassicpencil.jpg|side=right|width=350px|A flying [[Fused]]}}

At some point, [[Honor]] and [[Cultivation]] sided with the humans, while singers came to work with [[Odium]], who granted their most valiant warriors immortality and great power to fight against the humans. This power made them into [[Cognitive Shadow]]s, and allowed them to be reborn by possessing the bodies of other singers. Those immortal singers came to be known as the Fused.{{book ref|sa3|38}} The Fused became both gods and rulers of the singers, despising mankind, wanting humans wiped off Roshar regardless of the cost.{{book ref|sa3|38}}{{book ref|sa3|i|3}}

To combat the Fused, Honor created the ten [[Herald]]s, who would imprison them on [[Braize]] until one of them broke, whereupon the Fused and Heralds would return to Roshar and a new [[Desolation]] would begin. The cycle continued for many centuries until finally, at the [[Aharietiam]], the Heralds decided to leave only the strongest among them, [[Taln]], to face the torture alone.{{book ref|sa3|38}}

Not all singers, however, were eager to battle mankind continuously for Odium. One such group, the '''Last Legion''', abandoned the [[Regal]] forms granted to them by Odium and left for the [[Shattered Plains]], where they would settled, far from the ongoing conflict. They would eventually dub themselves the '''[[listener]]s'''.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}

=== The parsh ===
{{quote
|The parsh, as they are now called, continue their war with zeal, even without their masters from Damnation.
|From the [[Urithiru gem archive]]{{epigraph ref|sa3|77}}
}}

The singers, no longer the dominant species on Roshar, continued to fight mankind and the [[Knights Radiant]]. Over the centuries, they came to be known as the '''parsh''', though the meaning of the word is unclear.{{epigraph ref|sa3|77}} 

Around two thousand years after the Last Desolation, near the Recreance, another conflict between the two species flared up. Dubbed the [[False Desolation]], it was notable for the participation of [[Ba-Ado-Mishram]], one of [[Odium]]'s [[Unmade]].{{book ref|sa3|56}} Ba-Ado-Mishram Connected with the singers and provided them [[Regal]] forms and [[Voidlight]], as Odium once did in the Desolations, allowing the singers to wage war at levels closer to those of the real Desolations.{{epigraph ref|sa3|80}} In response, the [[Knights Radiant]] imprisoned Ba-Ado-Mishram. They succeeded, but in doing so, stole part of singers' souls, ripping out their [[Connection]] and [[Identity]] and turning them into near-mindless husks.{{book ref|sa3|17}}{{epigraph ref|sa3|81}} 

These singers without form -- "slaveforms" to listeners, and '''parshmen''' to humans -- became the property of humans, turned into cheap, menial labor that would be exploited for millennia to come.{{book ref|sa1|3}}{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} The only ones who escaped that fate were the listeners, as they had broken ties with the [[Unmade]] and [[Odium]].{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}

=== The listeners ===
{{for|Listener}}
{{image|Parshendi Army.jpg|side=right|width=350px|A [[listener]] army}}

The listeners lived on in the [[Shattered Plains]] for the next few millennia, forming a number of tribes settled in the craters around the western edge of the Plains. Eventually, they made contact with the Alethi and, through diplomatic efforts, forged a treaty. However, on the night the treaty was to be signed, the listener [[Eshonai]] learned about King [[Gavilar]]'s plans to return the "listener gods" -- the [[Fused]] -- to Roshar. Fearing the consequences, the listeners arranged for Gavilar to be assassinated.{{book ref|sa3|prologue}} As a result, they were forced to flee, abandoning their homes for the more distant plateau of [[Narak]] right as humans arrived to exact vengeance. Thus began the [[War of Reckoning]].{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}

After six years of constant warfare, the listeners, manipulated by one of the [[voidspren]], recovered stormform, one of the forms of power. Spurred on by its mental state, they planned to summon the [[Everstorm]], which they succeeded at during the [[Battle of Narak]].{{book ref|sa2|85}} As it passed over Roshar, the Everstorm restored all parshmen, healing their [[Connection]] and [[Identity]].{{book ref|sa3|17}}

=== The new singers ===
{{quote
|Can't we simply enjoy being able to '''think'''? Being able to '''exist'''?
|[[Vldgen]]{{book ref|sa3|121}}
}}

The newly restored singers assumed seemingly random forms.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}} Their attitudes were similar to those of the humans they spent their entire lives around -- the [[Alethi]] singers were angry and warlike, the [[Azish]] singers wished to negotiate with the government, and the [[Thaylen]] singers stole ships and sailed away. Most of them, however, were quickly swept up by the [[Fused]], who had returned and sought to create new armies with which to conquer Roshar.{{book ref|sa3|65}}

To make these new singers more combat-ready, the Fused employed not only their natural anger at their former oppressors, but also hefty amounts of propaganda, most notably using the supposedly last [[listener]], [[Venli]], as their mouthpiece.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}} However, many singers were still apprehensive about fighting humans, and some outright wished that peace was an option.{{book ref|sa3|121}} Some singers used the term ''essai'' to describe a human supporter (though the actual translation means "hairy").{{book ref|sa4|60}}

== Known singer groups ==
* [[Listener]]s - the singer nation on the [[Shattered Plains]]
* [[Regal]]s - singers who have bonded [[Voidspren]]
* [[Fused]] - [[Cognitive Shadow]]s of singers bound to [[Odium]]
* [[Voidbringer]]s - general name for all singers (as well as humans) who work for [[Odium]]

== Trivia ==
* Singer gemhearts are related to Tamu Keks, a type of bone from ''[[Dragonsteel Prime]]''.{{wob ref|10319}}

== Notes ==
<references>

<!-- Arcanum info -->
<!--
{{wob ref|date=2013-02-22|4530|A Memory of Light Birmingham signing}}
-->

<!--
{{wob ref|date=2016-07-22|1263|Twitter}}
-->

</references>

{{partial}}
{{stormlight}}
[[category: sapient beings]]