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| − | {{Shardworld |
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| − | |map=Roshar.jpg |
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| − | |shards=[[Honor]], [[Cultivation]] |
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| − | |perpendicularity=[[Honor's Perpendicularity]], [[Cultivation's Perpendicularity]] |
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| − | |magic=[[Surgebinding]], [[Old Magic]], [[Voidbinding]] |
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| − | |system=[[Rosharan system]]{{map ref|Roshar system}} |
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| − | |universe=[[Cosmere]] |
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| − | |books=[[The Stormlight Archive]] |
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| − | }}{{update|book=sa3}}{{spoilers|book=sa3}} |
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| − | '''Roshar''' is the native name for the planet on which ''[[The Stormlight Archive]]'' is set. It is also the name of the supercontinent on which the main events of the series take place{{wob ref|1128}}. People from Roshar are called Rosharans.{{wob ref|1075}} |
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| − | |||
| − | == Geography and Ecology == |
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| − | |||
| − | At one point in Roshar's past there were no large landmasses.{{wob ref|3556}} The supercontinent was designed by Adonalsium, following the shape of a Julia set (a mathematical formula that gives a geometrical pattern when given a seed number).{{wob ref|3953}} |
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| − | Gravitational acceleration on Roshar is notably lower than usual, at 6.87 m/s<sup>2</sup>, or 70% of the cosmere standard.{{au ref|roshar}} This is due, in part, to the planet's small size; Roshar has a circumference of approximately 22110 miles (35583 km), giving a radius of 3519 miles (5663 km), and comes in just under 90% of the cosmere standard size.{{au ref|roshar}}{{wob ref|10231}} These yield a planetary mass of 3.387×10<sup>24</sup> kilograms. The main continent lies primarily in the southern hemisphere, spanning from just a few degrees north of the equator to about 55° south of the equator, and extends approximately 120° longitude.{{map ref|Roshar}} It covers roughly 4×10<sup>7</sup> square kilometers. |
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| − | <!-- Calculations and more data: |
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| − | https://www.reddit.com/r/Stormlight_Archive/comments/7ph9ap/no_spoilers_roshar_physical_calculations/ |
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| − | https://www.reddit.com/user/jofwu/comments/7ga3it/roshar_physical_calculations/dqhq5tx/ |
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| − | https://www.reddit.com/user/jofwu/comments/7ga3it/roshar_physical_calculations/dqhrh71/ |
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| − | --> |
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| − | The percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere of Roshar is higher than standard cosmere.{{wob ref|1806}} |
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| − | The rainwater in highstorms is laced with a sort of slurry called [[crem]]. When crem dries, it hardens into rock. Since the highstorms always sweep from east to west, crem builds up on the eastern side of anything that stays still and isn't regularly cleaned. Over time, the continent is very slowly shifting across the planet as the highstorms cause erosion of the eastern part and a build up on the western part.{{wob ref|4422}} |
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| − | |||
| − | [[File:OB Roshar.jpg|Map of Roshar by [[Isaac Stewart]]|thumb|right|400px]] |
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| − | === Climate === |
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| − | With the exception of [[Shinovar]] and the occasional well-sheltered [[lait]], all of Roshar is frequently ravaged by powerful [[highstorm]]s, massive hurricanes travelling from east to west. These storms come frequently and, though they do not appear to follow a simple pattern, [[stormwarden]]s are able to accurately predict their schedule through complex mathematics.{{book ref|WoR|31}} As a result, Shinovar is the only place on Roshar that has soil.{{book ref|WoK|i|4}} |
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| − | |||
| − | The one consistent aspect of the Rosharan climate is the [[Weeping]]. The Weeping occurs every 500 days and consists of four weeks of steady crem-free rain. The middle day of those four weeks is known as the Lightday and alternates between being one clear day in the midst of the rain and being a high storm.{{book ref|WoR|46}} There are typically fewer highstorms in the weeks leading up to the Weeping. {{book ref|WoK|25}} The seasons following the weeping typically have weaker storms, making them good for farming.{{book ref|WoK|4}} Beyond this, the seasons are about as random as the highstorms. They can be roughly predicted by stormwardens, but only tend to last a few weeks and don't follow any obvious pattern. The characteristics of winter, spring, summer and autumn line up fairly well with what we expect from those seasons on Earth.{{book ref|WoK| 18}}{{book ref|WoK|4}}{{book ref|WoK|25}}{{book ref|WoK |54}} |
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| − | |||
| − | === Ecology === |
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| − | |||
| − | {{for|:Category:Rosharan lifeforms|a list of Rosharan flora and fauna}} |
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| − | |||
| − | The shape and form of Rosharan ecology is influenced by four major factors: lower gravity, higher oxygen content, highstorms and spren. The higher oxygen content and the lower gravity permit the existence of megafauna comparable only to the largest [[sandling]]s on [[Taldain]], while several species of animals are capable of forming spren bonds, further augmenting their capabilities.{{wob ref|10243}} However, the most visually notable feature of Rosharan ecology is the way vast majority of them adapted to highstorms. Multiple species of both flora and fauna have developed shells to protect themselves from extreme weather, withdrawing into them whenever any danger approaches. |
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| − | Several species are noted as having body parts made of stone, such as the bark of [[dalewillow]] or hooves of [[Ryshadium]]s.{{book ref|sa3|10}} As stone doesn't grow naturally, three possibilities must be considered: |
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| − | * The substance is actually stone, somehow either grown or gathered by the creatures, |
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| − | * The substance is organic, but highly similar in appearance to stone, |
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| − | * The substance is hardened crem, deliberately cultivated by those creatures. |
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| − | |||
| − | ==== Flora ==== |
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| − | Rosharan flora had to adapt to several conditions not found on Earth or Earth-like worlds, such as the severe weather and scarcity of soil. |
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| − | [[File:Lait.jpeg|left|250px|thumb|In highstorm-heavy regions, laits like this are the oases of plant life.]] |
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| − | The largest family of plants on Roshar are the [[rockbud]]s. They are characterized by having a thick outer shell from which they take their name, and tendrils, which retract into the shell upon detecting danger. The Rosharan grass, which acts in this way, is likely another subspecies of rockbud, albeit close enough in appearance to Shin grass to retain the name. Similar mechanism has been developed by [[vinebud]]s, which grow from a sturdy, yet elastic stem and, rather than spreading their tendrils along the ground, waft them in the air, akin to anemones.{{file ref|Rockbuds.jpg|Shallan's sketchbook: Rockbuds}} |
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| − | |||
| − | Further to the east, where the highstorms are the strongest, even such measures are not enough. There, plants grow mostly in sheltered areas, such as the [[Shattered Plains|chasms]] and [[lait]]s, while remaining sparse in the open air.{{file ref|Lait.jpeg|Shallan's sketchbook: Lait}} More fragile flora, such as vines and weeds, grow and flourish in such terrain, though some, like [[knobweed]], seem to prefer flatlands, utilizing highstorms deliberately to spread. |
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| − | |||
| − | Roshar does have larger flora. Some trees, including the aforementioned [[dalewillow]], have trunks made of stone while others, such as the [[jella]], augment their wooden bark by accumulating crem. Like rockbuds, they withdraw their fronds into the trunks when sensing danger. There are also species such as [[makam]] and [[cobwood]], which appear to be sturdy enough to sustain highstorms without added protection.{{book ref|sa1|33}}{{book ref|sa2|66}} |
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| − | |||
| − | ;Human uses |
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| − | |||
| − | Some species of native Rosharan flora are edible for humans. This includes a number of fruits as well as a rice-like plant called [[tallew]], and [[lavis]], a type of rockbud that produces grain. Tallew and lavis appear to be the major ingredients of Rosharan diet, with massive farmlands devoted to them throughout the continent.{{book ref|sa1|4}} In the West, the same niche appears to be filled by [[clema]]{{book ref|Edgedancer|6}} |
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| − | Additionally, there exist a number of plants with known healing properties. This includes antiseptics, such as the sap of [[knobweed]] and [[fourleaf]], as well as [[lister's oil]]; treatments for specific diseases, such as [[bitterleaf]] for epilepsy and [[bloodivy]] for [[grindings]]; anaesthetics like [[winterwort]] and [[firemoss]]; and other, more specific medicines, such as [[denocax salve|denocax]], which encourages skin healing. |
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| − | By contrast, several species of plant are noted to have detrimental effect on humans. Firemoss is known to be highly addictive, and [[blackbane]]'s leaves, once dried, are extremely poisonous. Eating shells of rockbuds is similarly known to be unhealthy, although the [[Unkalaki]] are capable of eating them without problems, likely thanks to their [[singer]] ancestry.{{wob ref|930}} While not all plants are edible, some, like [[breachtree]] and [[narbin]], are grown to make fabrics.{{book ref|sa1|25}}{{book ref|sa1|45}} |
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| − | [[File:Chasmfiend.jpeg|right|250px|thumb|A Chasmfiend, with gleaming [[mandra]]s surrounding it. They allow the greatshell to exist despite its enormous size.]] |
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| − | |||
| − | ==== Fauna ==== |
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| − | |||
| − | Roshar contains a wide variety of fauna, most of which appears to be shelled. While most creatures are native to the world, some have been introduced into Roshar during human exodus from [[Ashyn]], among them mammals and birds. |
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| − | Like Rosharan flora, the animals of Roshar have also adapted to their unusual circumstances. Several species, including the largest, grow massive shells which can protect them from highstorms. Others hide in dens or, in case of small [[sarpenthyn]], ooze between the cracks in the rock. |
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| − | |||
| − | ;Spren symbiosis |
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| − | Multiple native species, as well as at least one imported animal, have formed symbiotic relationships with [[spren]]. This appears to be faciliated by [[gemheart]]s, crystals that grow naturally within the bodies of those creatures. |
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| − | |||
| − | * Larger animals on Roshar utilize bonds with [[Mandra]]s, or luckspren, to decrease the pull of gravity on them, allowing creatures such as [[Chasmfiend]]s to exist without collapsing upon themselves. In the case of [[Skyeel]]s, the same bond, coupled with smaller size, permits them to fly. |
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| − | * The native sentient species, the [[Singer]]s, bond with a variety of spren to attain a number of forms, which alter their mental state, biological functions and appearance. While bonded, the spren remain within the gemheart. |
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| − | * [[Ryshadium]]s bond with what appears to be musicspren, attaining higher intelligence and physical strength. It is, however, unclear so far whether or not they have gemhearts.{{au ref|rosharan}} |
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| − | * The fish in the [[Purelake]] gain various medicinal benefits through spren bonds.{{wob ref|2109}} |
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| − | |||
| − | ;Non-shelled animals |
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| − | Mammals dwell mostly in Shinovar, though a few species have been successfully exported East. Those include horses, which are widely used as far east as Alethkar, and hogs, which are the primary source of non-soulcast meat. While most mammals are domesticated, hogs, as well as minks, can be found in the wild. Several species of birds are known to exist, although they are all known as "chickens" among Rosharans. This includes actual chickens as well as more colourful birds, such as parrots. In contrast to mammals, they do not seem to do well in the wild, as all examples observed so far are domesticated. Amphibians, such as the [[lurg]] can also be found, as well as wide variety of fish, including both salt- and seawater ones. Cephalopods also exist, albeit with unusual properties - [[zatalef]], for example, is described as bat-like, implying the ability to fly.{{file ref|Alethi_Glyphs_Page_1.jpg}} A category without a clear Earth analogue are [[sarpenthyn]], which appear to be similar to both mollusks and cephalopods, albeit without shells and with smaller number of arms.{{book ref|sa2|55}} |
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| − | |||
| − | ;Shelled animals |
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| − | The largest known group of animals on Roshar are crustaceans. Those can be of various sizes, from finger-long to four-stories-high. They are all noted as having purple blood and multiple stages of life, with the initial stage being called a larva and the process of switching between stages called pupation.{{file ref|Chull_Life_Cycle.jpeg|Chull Life Cycle}} The creation of shells is aided by the presence of crem in the rain, which the creatures can process into minerals. |
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| − | |||
| − | One of the largest crustacean family are [[cremling]]s, a group of tiny, multi-legged scavengers preying mostly on deceased animals, although they will also feed on uncovered plants after highstorms. Cremlings come in variety of colours, with different features, numbers of legs, and behaviours. While most are individuals, some are part of the [[Sleepless]] swarms, and as such share a sentient hivemind. The [[Sleepless]] cremlings are bred for particular purposes, such as imitating human body parts. |
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| − | [[File:Shallan And The Santhid.png|right|250px|thumb|<small>By Ashley Coad</small> A Santhid. Roshar's greatest creatures are far larger than humans.]] |
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| − | Other than the cremlings, Roshar also features a number of larger crustaceans that are nonetheless smaller than humans. This group includes predatory species, such as the [[Axehound]], herbivores like [[Axehind]], and near-cremling sized creatures like [[legger]]s and [[larkin]]s. The larkins in particular are unusual for their flight, as well as the ability to pull stormlight out of other creatures and absorb it.{{book ref|sa2|i|9}} |
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| − | The largest family of animals on Roshar are known as [[Greatshell]]s, which exist both on land and in the seas. All greatshells possess gemhearts and utilize them to attract [[Mandra]]s to decrease their own weight. The land greatshells include domesticated herbivores known as [[chull]]s and two large predatory species, the [[chasmfiend]] and the extinct [[lanceryn]]. The marine greatshells include the [[Yu-nerig]], which comes on land to pupate and is known to feed on humans,{{book ref|sa1|40}} and the [[Tai-na]], the largest animals known to inhabit the Cosmere. Their legs are said to be sixty feet long, while the body itself stretches hundreds of feet tall. The back of Tai-na, which sticks out above water, is an ecosystem of its own, inhabited by multiple species of plants and animals, as well as humans.{{book ref|sa2|i|2}} |
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| − | The [[Santhid]], a massive marine species with large shell and a number of tendrils, might be considered a greatshell, and houses its own ecosystem, much like the Tai-na; however, as they were considered half-mythical until very recently, it's impossible to state so with any certainty.{{book ref|sa2|1}} |
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| − | |||
| − | ;Domestication |
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| − | Large number of domesticated creatures on Roshar are the imports from Ashyn. All forms of birds are domesticated; some for food, while others as pets. Hogs are kept for meat, minks, like birds, are pets, while horses are common riding mounts. Of the local wildlife, axehounds are often kept and bred, similar to dogs, while chulls are the primary mount for hauling cargo or for riders who cannot afford to keep a horse. Another greatshell species called a [[gumfrem]] is kept for its gemhearts, which can be used to [[Soulcast]] meat.{{book ref|sa3|10}} |
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| − | |||
| − | ;Sapience |
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| − | Due to the presence of the Shard [[Cultivation]], the creatures on Roshar have higher chance of developing sapience.{{wob ref|2792}} So far, behaviour indicating sapience has been observed with three species, Ryshadium horses, Tai-na and [[Santhid]]s, all of which appear to have above average understanding of humans. |
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| − | Separately from this, Roshar is known to have developed three independent sentient species: [[Sleepless]] (known also as Dysian Aimians), [[Siah Aimian]]s and [[Singer]]s. While the Sleepless are hive minds of cremlings, both Siah Aimians and Singers are humanoid, and capable of breeding with humans.{{wob ref|457}}{{wob ref|930}} |
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| − | == History == |
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| − | {{for|:Category:Rosharan events |a list of Rosharan events and eras}} |
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| − | |||
| − | === Pre-Desolation Roshar === |
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| − | ==== Creation and Early Inhabitants ==== |
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| − | The planet of Roshar predates the [[Shattering]]. The continent was specifically grown by [[Adonalsium]].{{wob ref|3952}} Much of the ecology of the planet existed from this time, including the [[highstorm]]s and the [[spren]].{{wob ref|167}}{{wob ref|6567}} The [[singers]] were the primary inhabitants of Roshar at this time and are likely the [[Dawnsingers]] spoken of in modern times.{{wob ref|3922}} At some point after the Shattering, [[Honor]] and [[Cultivation]] settled on Roshar. They were equally Invested in the planet originally, though the balance shifted after Honor's death.{{wob ref|12038}} |
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| − | |||
| − | ==== The Expulsion and Early Interactions ==== |
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| − | :''Main article:'' [[Expulsion]] |
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| − | {{quote |
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| − | | They came from another world, using powers that we have been forbidden to touch. Dangerous powers, of spren and Surges. They destroyed their lands and have come to us begging |
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| − | | From the [[Eila Stele]]{{epigraph ref|sa3|115}} |
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| − | }} |
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| − | Humans fled to Roshar from [[Ashyn]], another planet in the [[Rosharan system]].{{wob ref|9464}} They had destroyed the planet using what Honor implied to be the [[dawnshard]]s.{{book ref|sa3|113}} Honor and Cultivation commanded the singers to take the humans in despite the forbidden powers they had relating to [[spren]] and [[Surge]]s{{epigraph ref|sa3|115}}{{epigraph ref|sa3|116}}, and they were given [[Shinovar]] to live in since Shinovar could support the plants and animals they brought.{{book ref|sa3|113}} With the humans came [[Odium]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|117}} The humans, possibly with Odium's influence, grew dissatisfied with what they were given. The conflict between the invading humans and the singers living on Roshar became the [[First Desolation]].{{book ref|sa3|111}} |
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| − | [[File: The History of Man.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A [[Vorin]] perspective on the history of mankind by [[Greg Call]]]] |
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| − | |||
| − | === The Heraldic Epochs === |
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| − | ==== The Desolations ==== |
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| − | :''Main article:'' [[Desolation]]s |
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| − | The [[Desolation]]s were conflicts between mankind and [[Voidbringer]]s. The first Desolation occurred when humans invaded Roshar from the land they were given.{{book ref|sa3|111}} Some of the singers were infused with Odium's [[Investiture]] and became the [[Fused]]. The Fused did not pass into the [[Beyond]] and were instead reborn into the bodies of singers. To combat this, the [[Herald]]s made a deal with Honor called the [[Oathpact]]. This deal sealed away the Fused on Braize. However, there was a loophole. The Heralds could choose to allow the Fused to return to Roshar, so they were caught on Braize and tortured. The return of Heralds and Fused and the conflict that occurred became known as the Desolations.{{book ref|sa3|38}} The spren started to mimic the herald's [[Honorblade]]s and the [[Knights Radiant]] were formed. They helped to fight and rebuild society after a Desolation.{{book ref|sa2|4}} |
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| − | |||
| − | ==== The Last Legion ==== |
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| − | :''See also:'' [[Listener]]s |
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| − | At some point during the Desolations, a group of singers known as the [[Last Legion]] were sent to fight in the farthest plains, most likely the ruins of [[Natanatan]] on the [[Shattered Plains]]. They followed the commands of the Fused and took whatever forms were forced upon them. Seeking freedom, they fled during a highstorm and took on dullform to escape the Fused's control. In order to avoid forgetting their knowledge, they composed songs, including [[Song of Listing]], [[Song of Secrets]] and [[Song of Histories]]. They didn't, however, know how to transform into any forms except dullform and mateform by themselves. They planned to remain living as tribes and refugees, unnoticed and forgotten, as they studied and rediscovered the forms.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}} Although it is not known exactly when this happened, it must have been prior to the [[Last Desolation]] as the Fused remained trapped on Braize from then until the [[True Desolation]]. |
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| − | |||
| − | ==== The Last Desolation ==== |
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| − | :''Main article:'' [[Last Desolation]] |
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| − | {{quote |
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| − | | A…a decision has been made. It is time for the Oathpact to end. |
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| − | | [[Jezrien]]'s words to [[Kalak]]{{book ref|sa1|prelude}} |
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| − | }} |
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| − | At the end of the [[Last Desolation]], nine of the ten Heralds had survived the fighting. As usual, they were supposed to return to [[Braize]] to hold back the [[Fused]]. However, knowing they could not face more torture, they came up with an alternative plan. [[Taln]], the only Herald never to have broken during the millennia of Desolations and the only Herald who died, would remain on Braize by himself.{{book ref|sa3|38}} They had been warned that lingering on Roshar could lead to the start off another Desolation, but [[Ishar]] claimed that Taln by himself would be enough to hold back the Desolations and maintain the Oathpact. Rather than tell mankind the truth, the Heralds proclaimed that they had finally won the war against the Voidbringers.{{book ref|sa1|prelude}} This deception lasted for four thousand five hundred years, until Taln finally broke under the torture.{{book ref|sa3|38}} |
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| − | |||
| − | === The Era of Solitude === |
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| − | {{quote |
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| − | |The Voidbringers were cast back into the Tranquiline Halls. The Heralds followed to force them out of heaven as well, and Roshar’s Heraldic Epochs ended. Mankind entered the Era of Solitude. The modern era. |
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| − | |[[Kabsal]] to [[Shallan]]{{book ref|sa1|45}} |
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| − | }} |
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| − | ==== The False Desolation ==== |
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| − | :''Main article:'' [[False Desolation]] |
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| − | {{sidequote |
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| − | | Something must be done about the remnants of Odium’s forces. The parsh, as they are now called, continue their war with zeal, even without their masters from Damnation. |
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| − | | Drawer 30-20, first emerald{{epigraph ref|sa3|77}}|left|350px}} |
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| − | The [[False Desolation]] began when [[Ba-Ado-Mishram]] learned how to [[Connection|Connect]] with the majority of the singers, giving them [[Regal|forms of power]] and access to [[Voidlight]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|80}} The Radiants, unaware of how she did this, sought a way to end the fighting for good, as the Heralds had promised them.{{epigraph ref|sa3|82}} The fighting became particularly intense at this time,{{epigraph ref|sa2|41}} as the singers made a push towards [[Feverstone Keep]], possibly as part of a plan to capture [[Rall Elorim]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|84}} |
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| − | |||
| − | Working together, the scholars among the Radiants theorized that an [[Unmade]] could be imprisoned like a regular [[spren]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|79}} That devised a plan to trap Ba-Ado-Mishram and prevent her from Connected with the singers and providing them with Voidlight.{{epigraph ref|sa3|78}} This plan would require [[Melishi]], the only [[Bondsmith]] of his generation,{{epigraph ref|sa3|67}} and a special prison, likely a [[perfect gemstone]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|79}} Although Melishi was confident the plan would succeed in destroying the Voidbringers, [[Naze-daughter-Kuzodo]] warned of unintended side effects.{{epigraph ref|sa3|81}} Although the plan seems to have succeeded, as Ba-Ado-Mishram has not been seen in modern times unlike other Unmade,{{epigraph ref|sa3|107}} Naze-daughter-Kuzodo's warning was correct. Because she had been Connected to all the singers, their Connection and [[Identity]] was torn out of them, creating slaveform or parshmen.{{book ref|sa3| 17}} The Radiants' horror for what happened likely contributed to the Recreance. |
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| − | |||
| − | ==== The Recreance ==== |
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| − | :''Main article:'' [[Day of Recreance]] |
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| − | |||
| − | During the lead up to the [[Day of Recreance]], many events occurred which demoralized the Knights Radiant. The [[Sibling]], for some unknown reason, withdrew from [[Urithiru]] and forced the Knights to abandon their ancestral home. Many Radiants blamed this on a perceived unworthiness, including increased conflicts between the [[Windrunners]] and [[Skybreakers]], but scholars of the time disagreed.{{epigraph ref|sa3|70}}{{epigraph ref|sa3|64}} This concern extended to potential infiltration by [[Unmade]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|73}} While this was occurring, the False Desolation was coming to a close. The presumed success in imprisoning Ba-Ado-Mishram leading to the singers having their Connection and Identity ripped out of them likely influenced the Radiants.{{book ref|sa3|17}} In the midst of this turmoil, the Radiants discovered the truth about the origins of humans on Roshar. The singers had been the original inhabitants of Roshar. The humans came as refugees from their [[Ashyn|homeworld]], which they had destroyed with surges. After being taken in by the singers and given [[Shinovar]], they invaded Roshar and started the Desolations. While Honor had comforted previous generations who learned this, this time he was dying. He raved about the [[dawnshard]]s and promised the Radiants they would destroy Roshar like they had their homeworld.{{book ref|sa3|113}} |
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| − | As a result of these revelations, the nine of the ten orders decided to abandon their oaths and kill their spren. They believed that this would prevent the destruction of Roshar Honor warned them about.{{book ref|sa3|113}} At the locations they left their [[shardplate|plate]] and [[shardblade|blades]], men quickly began fighting over the weapons, leading to much death and destruction.{{book ref|sa1|52}} The Radiants, other than the Skybreakers, were quickly turned on and killed because of the sense of betrayal felt.{{epigraph ref|sa2|41}} Society for both spren and humans drastically changed in the aftermath. Those with shardblades quickly consolidated their power, including using [[Arts and Majesty]] to justify women not wielding them.{{wob ref|6245}} It is likely that this is when [[lighteyes]] truly came to power. The genocide decimated the populations of spren societies. Most of the survivors were children forced to spend centuries without nurture or guidance. Some societies took two thousand years to fully recover. {{book ref|sa3|47}} |
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| − | |||
| − | ==== The Hierocracy and the War of Loss ==== |
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| − | :''Main articles:'' [[Hierocracy]] and [[War of Loss]] |
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| − | The [[Hierocracy]] began when the [[Vorinism|Vorin Church]] decided to conquer the world and run the government rather than just provide spiritual guidance.{{book ref|sa1|36}} They claimed their conquering was for the good of the people. Some of the most powerful ardents claimed to have visions from the [[Almighty]], which they used to solidify their rule and obfuscate their religion. One of their main goals was to destroy knowledge of the failures of Vorinism, including [[Shadesmar]], the Knights Radiant, and the Recreance.{{book ref|sa2|3}}{{book ref|sa1|45}} They were primarily successful, as even the major libraries on Roshar are missing this information. Before the Hierocracy could spread to the west, [[Sadees]], the Sunmaker, united the princedoms of [[Alethkar]] to drive out the HIerocracy.{{book ref|sa1|18}}{{book ref|sa1|24}} They fought in many epic battles the likes of which have not been seen since in what came to be known as the [[War of Loss]].{{book ref|sa1|52}} The Sunmaker successfully cast down the Hierocracy and stated the visions were a fraud. |
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| − | Sadees's win in the War of Loss affected much of eastern Roshar. Sadees declared himself king of Alethkar and began a conquest of Roshar.{{book ref|sa3|34}} Although the extent of his empire is not exactly known, [[Herdaz]] and [[Azir]] were both included. He committed genocide in Azir and killed ten percent of the population.{{book ref|sa3|42}} His empire quickly collapsed after his death, however, as he did not choose an heir, and his ten sons divided the kingdom into princedoms and became [[highprince]]s.{{book ref|sa3|19}} The effects of the Hierocracy on Vorinism can still be felt in the modern time. The central leadership of the church was destroyed and split into mostly independent [[Devotaries]].{{book ref|sa1|33}}{{book ref|sa1|36}} The ardents became slaves who could not own land or property.{{book ref|sa1|45}}{{book ref|sa1|59}} Their revisions to historical texts also perpetuate, and it is difficult to find information about pre-Hierocracy history or the Knights Radiant.{{book ref|sa2|3}} |
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| − | ==== The Scouring of Aimia ==== |
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| − | :''Main article:'' [[Scouring of Aimia]] |
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| − | What exactly occurred during the [[Scouring of Aimia]] is unknown but it appears that the vast majority of Aimia's ecosystem collapsed, leading to the extinction of the [[lanceryn]]{{book ref|twok|36}} and the near extinction of the [[larkin]]. Most creatures there are quite rare since the scouring.{{wob ref|1080}} The island of [[Akinah]], however, was not destroyed and is still protected from outsiders by the [[Sleepless]].{{book ref|sa3|i|4}} [[Hessi]] indicates in [[Mythica]] that [[Dai-Gonarthis]] may have been responsible for the scouring.{{epigraph ref|sa3|113}} |
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| − | == Culture and Society == |
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| − | {{for|:Category:Rosharan culture|a list of Rosharan cultural topics}} |
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| − | === Nations === |
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| − | Roshar's population categorizes their history into a number of epochs. Most notable is the [[Silver Kingdoms]] Epoch, or the Heraldic Epoch, when the [[Knights Radiant]] kept the peace. They protected Roshar from their home, the great city of [[Urithiru]]. The ten Silver Kingdoms are: |
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| − | {{columns| |
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| − | *[[Iri]] |
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| − | *[[Shin Kak Nish]] |
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| − | *[[Sela Tales]] |
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| − | *[[Aimia]] |
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| − | *[[Makabakam]] |
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| − | *[[Valhav]] |
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| − | *[[Rishir]] |
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| − | *[[Alethela]] |
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| − | *[[Natanatan]] |
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| − | *[[Thalath]] |
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| − | }} |
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| − | In the the modern era, the Era of Solitude, the current division of twenty-six countries and regions in Roshar are: |
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| − | {{columns| |
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| − | *[[Thaylenah]] |
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| − | *[[Frostlands]] |
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| − | *[[Alethkar]] |
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| − | *[[Herdaz]] |
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| − | *[[Jah Keved]] |
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| − | *[[Tu Bayla]] |
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| − | *[[Triax]] |
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| − | *[[Tu Fallia]] |
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| − | *[[Greater Hexi]] |
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| − | *[[Marat]] |
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| − | *[[Tukar]] |
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| − | *[[Emul]] |
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| − | *[[Azir]] |
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| − | *[[Yulay]] |
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| − | *[[Marabethia]] |
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| − | *[[Babatharnam]] |
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| − | *[[Desh]] |
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| − | *[[Yezier]] |
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| − | *[[Alm]] |
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| − | *[[Tashikk]] |
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| − | *[[Liafor]] |
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| − | *[[Steen]] |
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| − | *[[Aimia]] |
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| − | *[[Shinovar]] |
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| − | *[[Iri]] |
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| − | *[[Rira (country)|Rira]] |
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| − | }} |
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| − | === Calendar === |
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| − | The Rosharan calendar is divided up into ten months, with ten weeks each. Both the months and the weeks are named after the numbers on the [[Ars Arcanum]], and are sometimes combined into abbreviations. Such abbreviations have the full name of the month and two suffixes, for week and day. Each week is five days, so the year in Roshar is 500 days, ultimately defined by the time between two [[Weeping|Weepings]].{{book ref|sa2|46}} Although the Rosharan year is 500 days long, these days are shorter than on Earth - coming in at 20 standard hours {{wob ref|8928}} - and a Rosharan year is equivalent to 1.1 Earth years.{{wob ref|3781}}{{17s ref|post|49011|Length of Roshar days and years|date=12 February 2013}} As an example Chachel means it's the third day of the week.{{book ref|sa1|46}} Interestingly, Kaladin, who gets paid once a week, refers to payday as "third pass"{{book ref|sa1|14}}. Presumably, this means that another way to talk about days of the week is by saying first, second, third, fourth or fifth pass. |
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| − | <center>Abbreviation Examples |
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| − | {| class="infobox" |
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| − | !Abbreviation |
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| − | !Month |
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| − | !Week |
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| − | !Day |
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| − | |- |
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| − | |Chachanan |
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| − | |Chach |
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| − | |Nan |
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| − | |Nan |
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| − | |- |
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| − | |Jesachev |
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| − | |Jes |
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| − | |Chach |
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| − | |Vev |
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| − | |- |
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| − | |Kaktach |
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| − | |Kak |
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| − | |Tanat |
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| − | |Chach |
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| − | |} |
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| − | </center> |
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| − | === Currency === |
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| − | :''Main Article: [[Spheres]]'' |
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| − | The primary form of currency found on Roshar are spheres, pieces of gemstone encased in a sphere of glass with one side flattened to prevent rolling.{{book ref|sa1|27}} The gemstones can be any of the ten [[Polestone]]s and there are three denominations: chip, mark, and broam. The ten gemstones are organized into five value levels with some gem types having equivalent values.{{wob ref|10402}} These value levels are determined by [[Soulcasting]] properties, so diamonds, which can create air, have the lowest value, and emeralds, which can create grain, have the highest.{{book ref|sa1|3}} Spheres, like all gems on Roshar, have the ability to hold and leak stormlight. Spheres with light are referred to as infused and those without are referred to as dun. Although dun spheres can be used as currency, people are suspicious of them because light is the easiest way to determine a sphere is real.{{book ref|sa1|17}} |
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| − | Because of their ability to hold stormlight, spheres are commonly used on Roshar as a source of light. The light from spheres is considered to be steadier and more consistent than traditional light sources such as candles.{{book ref|sa1|23}} It can be expensive, however, as spheres are also used for currency, so the use of spheres as a source of light is often a sign of wealth. Diamonds are considered the best light source because it is both the cheapest and the closest to natural light.{{book ref|sa1|8}} |
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| − | The denomination of spheres in eastern Roshar is weaker than in the west, with some people drilling holes in spheres to carry them on strings or using chunks of gemstone instead.{{book ref|sa2.5|6}} |
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| − | ===Alcohol=== |
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| − | Unlike Earth wines, on Roshar the term refers to a number of alcoholic drinks, only a small subset of which are made of fermented fruit. The use of the term "wine" is the result of linguistic shift, much in the same way that all birds became [[chicken]] and all small crustaceans became [[cremling]]s.{{wob ref|3978}} The alcohols that fall under the term "wine" are categorized by strength and colour, with different colours denoting different alcohol content. |
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| − | In order from weakest to strongest, those are: |
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| − | * '''Pink''', which typically has a distinct floral taste. It's said to assist alertness. |
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| − | * '''Orange''', fruity and with notes of ginger, although apparently it's not made of fruit. |
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| − | * '''Yellow''', which has a deep, "bold" taste while being weak enough to drink casually. |
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| − | * '''Auburn''', spicy and with a tasty aroma - this could be closest to Earth's red wine, as it's made of fermented fruit. |
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| − | * '''Red''', said to be "flavourful with a pleasant burn". |
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| − | * '''Sapphire''', with a taste of nuts and honey, made of [[lavis]] grain. It's usually infused, and the closest equivalent to Earth whiskey. |
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| − | * '''Blue''', tasting of berry and lemon. |
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| − | * '''Violet''', the strongest, typically with an aroma of sandalwood.{{file ref|Rosharan Wines.jpg|Rosharan Wines}} |
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| − | Within those colours, a number of different wines exist - for example, among sapphire varieties are [[kimik]], [[vari]] and [[Veden saph]].{{book ref|sa3|18}} While generally the wine colors are standardized, they gain their color by intentional colored infusions, and are occasionally made without them. |
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| − | ====Other beverages==== |
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| − | Apart from wines, Roshar has a number of other alcoholic drinks. Among those is beer, of which the most popular variety appears to be [[mudbeer]], often drank to warm up.{{book ref|sa1|25}} Another drink is a liquor called [[honu]], which comes in several varieties that differ in strength.{{book ref|sa2|81}} Both beer and honu are made from [[lavis]] grain.{{book ref|sa3|121}} |
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| − | The [[Unkalaki]] people have a numer of their own alcoholic beverages. This includes a brownish drink called [[shiki]], which has to be chilled overnight, and the infamous Horneater lager, which is far stronger than regular beers, with one bartender claiming it melts their cups. Strongest among the Horneater beverages is the Horneater White. A clear, distilled moonshine, it is the strongest known alcohol on Roshar (with the possible exception of some violet wines). It is know to strip paint, and can apparently be deadly to non-Unkalaki.{{book ref|sa3|37}}{{book ref|sa3|18}} |
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| − | Other, unspecified alcohols drank across Roshar include a variety of ciders, juices and lagers.{{file ref|Rosharan Wines.jpg|Rosharan Wines}} |
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| − | ====Drinking culture==== |
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| − | [[Vorinism|Vorin]] parties typically involve wine of the weakest colours, watered down to prevent the participants from getting drunk too quickly.{{book ref|sa3|18}} Sapphire appears to be the strongest colour imbibed casually, and the phrase "to be in (someone)'s violets" refers to a person being heavily, perhaps dangerously drunk. |
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| − | Beer and [[mudbeer]] are typical casual drinks, commonly served in taverns.{{book ref|sa1|47}} Among [[Unkalaki]], mudbeer is also used for duels - the winner is decided by who can drink the most without passing out.{{book ref|sa1|27}} |
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| − | ====Winespren==== |
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| − | Like most processes on Roshar, the act of drinking has its own dedicated [[spren]]. Winespren, or [[Spren#Alespren | Alespren]], appear near people who are heavily intoxicated, taking form of small bubbles clinging to nearby objects. They are considered quite rare, as they require a person to be deeply drunk before they appear; however, both [[Axies]] and [[Nazh]] attest to their existence.{{book ref|sa1|i|5}}{{file ref|Rosharan Wines.jpg|Rosharan Wines}} |
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| − | == Planetary System == |
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| − | [[File:Roshar_and_Surroundings.jpeg|right|250px|thumb|Roshar and its surrounding celestial bodies]] |
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| − | {{for|Rosharan system}} |
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| − | Roshar is the second planet from its sun{{au ref|Roshar}}. It has several notable heavenly bodies, including three moons. The first and smallest moon is violet [[Salas]]. The middle moon is [[Nomon]], which is a bright, pale blue. The final moon is [[Mishim]], which is smaller than Nomon and green. The Shin refer to the moons as the Three Sisters, and call each moon by its order, with Salas being the First Sister, Nomon the Second Sister and Mishim the Third Sister, while in [[Natanatan]], Nomon is considered to be male.{{book ref|sa3|67}} All three moons rise and fall in the same order every night and have highly unstable orbits, suggesting they were placed artificially. |
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| − | Other notable features of Rosharan sky are [[Taln's Scar]] and [[Tear|Reya's Tear]]. The Scar is a great swath of red stars that stand out against the white ones.{{book ref|wok|2}} It is important in Rosharan astrology, particularly its position on one's seventh birthday.{{book ref|wok|33}} The [[Tear]] is a particularly bright star, named after a single tear shed by a woman named [[Reya]] from Rosharan mythology.{{book ref|wor|31 }} |
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| − | There are two other telluric planets in the [[Rosharan system]]: [[Braize]] and [[Ashyn]].{{17s ref|post|62323|Correct spellings (by Eric)|date=09 August 2013}} Both of them are currently inhabited. The remaining celestial bodies in the system are ten gas giants, named after Vorin numerals, which are separeted from the telluric planets by an asteroid belt.{{au ref|Roshar}} |
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| − | == Notes == |
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| − | <references /> |
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| − | {{partial}} |
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| − | {{Stormlight}} |
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| − | {{cosmere}} |
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| − | [[category: Roshar| ]] |
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| − | [[category: notable articles]] |
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| − | [[category: list articles]] |
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