Difference between revisions of "Roshar"

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|perpendicularity=[[Honor's Perpendicularity]], [[Cultivation's Perpendicularity]]
|magic=[[Surgebinding]], [[Old Magic]], [[Voidbinding]]
|gravity=0.7 [[cosmere standard]]{{au ref|roshar}}
|radius=0.9 cosmere standard{{au ref|roshar}}
|system=[[Rosharan system]]{{map ref|Roshar system}}
|universe=[[Cosmere]]
}}
 
'''Roshar''' is a planet in the [[cosmere]] and one of thirteen planets in the [[Rosharan system]]. It is also the name of the supercontinent that contains all of the planet's known inhabitants.{{au ref|roshar}} It is the second planet from the system's sun, orbiting between [[Ashyn]] and [[Braize]], and it has three moons.{{filemap ref|Starchart_roshar_color.jpgRoshar system}} People from Roshar are called Rosharans.{{wob ref|1075}} The planet is particularly notable due to the activity of several [[Shard]]s of [[Adonalsium]] in the area and the various forms of magic used by its residents, including [[Surgebinding]] through the use of [[Stormlight]].{{au ref|roshar}}{{book ref|sa2|41}}
 
== Geography and Ecology ==
At one point in Roshar's past there were no large landmasses.{{wob ref|3556}} The supercontinent was designed by [[Adonalsium]], following the shape of a Julia set.{{wob ref|3953}} It is the only continent on the planet, though not necessarily the only landmass.{{wob ref|6248}}
 
Gravitational acceleration on Roshar is notably lower than usual, at 6.86 m/s<sup>2</sup>, or 70% of the cosmere standard.{{au ref|roshar}} Though it is still in common ranges.{{book ref|tsm|19}} This is due, in part, to the planet's small size; Roshar has a circumference of approximately 22110 miles (35583 km), giving a radius of 3519 miles (5663 km), and comes in just under 90% of the cosmere standard size.{{au ref|roshar}}{{wob ref|10231}} These yield a planetary mass of 3.296&times;10<sup>24</sup> kilograms. The main continent lies primarily in the southern hemisphere, spanningand froman justaverage a few degrees northdensity of the equator to about 55&deg; south of the equator, and extends approximately 120&deg; longitude4.{{map33 ref|Roshar}} It covers roughly 4&times;10g/cm<sup>73</sup> square kilometers.
 
The main continent lies primarily in the southern hemisphere, spanning from just a few degrees north of the equator to about 55&deg; south of the equator, and extends approximately 120&deg; longitude.{{map ref|Roshar}}{{wob ref|7116}}{{wob ref|13208}}{{wob ref|13629}} It covers roughly 4&times;10<sup>7</sup> square kilometers.
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Roshar has 0° of axial tilt.{{wob ref|11448}} Due to having no axial tilt, the sun runs along the equator. Rosharans can easily geolocate themselves and tell time by the path and location of the sun.{{book ref|sa2|87}}{{book ref|sa3|57}}{{epigraph ref|sa3|84}}{{book ref|sa1|i|5}}{{book ref|sa4|64}}{{book ref|yumi|4}} The orbital period of Roshar is around 1.1 standard years.{{book ref|tsm|11}}{{wob ref|8928}}{{wob ref|3781}}{{wob ref|5569}}{{wob ref|10572}} The solar day of Roshar is around 20 rosharan hours, and there are around 500 solar days in a year.{{wob ref|248}}
Due to having no obliquity, the path and height of the sun is consistent in relation to latitude and longitude, thus one can easily geolocate oneself by the path of the sun.{{book ref|sa2|87}}
 
The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere of Roshar is higher than standard cosmere.{{au ref|roshar}}{{wob ref|1806}} There are no oil deposits from mass extinction events on Roshar.{{wob ref|15003}}
 
Roshar does not have plate tectonics.{{wob ref|8508}}{{wob ref|4422}}{{wob ref|7237}}{{wob ref|10280}}{{wob ref|15320}}{{ref|group=fn|text=Despite this, Earthquakes are referenced on numerous occasions.{{book ref|sa1|60}}{{book ref|sa1|75}}{{book ref|sa2|60}}{{book ref|sa2|71}}{{book ref|sa3|116}} It is currently unclear if this is an oversight, or if there is an explanation for this that has not yet been revealed.}} Roshar produces enough of a magnetic field to protect it from its sun, allowing it to be inhabited by life.{{wob ref|5294}}
 
The rainwater in highstorms is laced with a sort of slurry called [[crem]]. When crem dries, it hardens into rock. Since the highstorms always sweep from east to west, crem builds up on the eastern side of anything that stays still and isn't regularly cleaned. Over time, the continent is very slowly shifting across the planet as the highstorms cause erosion of the western part and a build up on the eastern part.{{wob ref|4422}} This rainwater is full of nutrients, and plants given it fare better than those given water from other sources, such as lake or river water. Various cremlings search out and eat plants as they lap up the stormwater.{{book ref|sa4|11}}
 
The one consistent aspect of the Rosharan climate is the [[Weeping]]. The Weeping occurs every five hundred days and consists of four weeks of steady crem-free rain. The middle day of those four weeks is known as the Lightday and alternates between being one clear day in the midst of the rain and being a high storm.{{book ref|WoR|46}} There are typically fewer highstorms in the weeks leading up to the Weeping.{{book ref|WoK|25}} The seasons following the weeping typically have weaker storms, making them good for farming.{{book ref|WoK|4}} Due to having zero obliquity, Roshar does not experience true seasons, with them instead simply being defined by current temperature, climate, and storms, unrelated to irradiance.{{wob ref|11448}} These seasons are relatively random, and are often quite short, usually lasting only a few weeks.{{book ref|sa1|25}}{{book ref|sa1|64}} They can be roughly predicted by stormwardens. Seasons are primarily defined by changes in the storms.{{wob ref|11448}} Due to not being caused by axial tilt, they can vary greatly even between relatively nearby nations on the same hemisphere.{{book ref|sa3|64}}
 
The equatorial regions of Roshar, particularly the Reshi Isles, are notable for their intense heat and humidity compared with the rest of the planet.{{book ref|sa3.5|16}}{{book ref|yumi|4}}{{book ref|sa4|50}}
 
===Spren===
=== Pre-Desolation Roshar ===
==== Creation and Early Inhabitants ====
The planet of Roshar predates the [[Shattering]]. It had likely existed for about 12twelve to 13thirteen thousand years by the time of the True Desolation.{{wob ref|14898}}{{ref|group=fn|text=Whether this refers to standard years or Rosharan years is currently unclear.}} The continent was specifically grown by [[Adonalsium]].{{epigraph ref|sa2|66}}{{wob ref|3952}}{{wob ref|5294}} Much of the ecology of the planet existed from this time, including the [[highstorm]]s and the [[spren]].{{wob ref|167}}{{wob ref|6567}} PeopleSingers lived on Roshar prior to the [[Shattering]].{{wob ref|3779}} The [[singers]] were the primary inhabitants of Roshar at this time and are likely the [[Dawnsingers]] spoken of in modern times.{{wob ref|3922}} At some point after the Shattering, [[Honor]] and [[Cultivation]] settled on Roshar. They were equally Invested in the planet originally, though the balance shifted after Honor's death.{{wob ref|12038}}
 
Around ten-thousand Rosharan years (11000 standard years) before the [[True Desolation]], intelligent spren were created.{{book ref|sa4|i|1}} This was presumably around the time [[Honor]] and [[Cultivation]] settled on Roshar.
 
==== The Expulsion and Early Interactions ====
|From the [[Eila Stele]]{{epigraph ref|sa3|115}}
}}
Humans fled to Roshar from [[Ashyn]], another planet in the [[Rosharan system]], around seven-thousand years before the True Desolation.{{epigraph ref|sa3|115}}{{book ref|sa4|14}}{{book ref|sa4|111}}{{wob ref|9464}} They had destroyed the planet using what Honor implied to be the [[Dawnshard]]s, after Odium tricked [[Ishar]] into experimenting with Surges.{{book ref|sa3|113}}{{book ref|sa4|111}} Honor and Cultivation commanded the singers to take the humans in despite the forbidden powers they had relating to [[spren]] and [[Surge]]s,{{epigraph ref|sa3|115}}{{epigraph ref|sa3|116}} and they were given [[Shinovar]] to live in since Shinovar could support the plants and animals they brought.{{book ref|sa3|113}} With the humans came [[Odium]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|117}} The humans, possibly with Odium's influence, grew dissatisfied with what they were given. The conflict between the invading humans and the singers living on Roshar became the [[First Desolation]].{{book ref|sa3|111}}
 
{{image|The History of Man.jpg|side=left|width=250px|A [[Vorin]] perspective on the history of mankind by [[Greg Call]].}}
 
=== The Heraldic Epochs ===
To combat this, the [[Herald]]s made a deal with Honor called the [[Oathpact]]. This deal sealed away the Fused on Braize. However, there was a loophole. The Heralds could choose to allow the Fused to return to Roshar, so they were caught on Braize and tortured. The return of Heralds and Fused and the conflict that occurred became known as the Desolations.{{book ref|sa3|38}} The spren started to mimic the herald's [[Honorblade]]s and the [[Knights Radiant]] were formed. They helped to fight and rebuild society after a Desolation.{{book ref|sa2|4}}
 
Time during this period was separated into several-century long Epochs, which are further separated into years.{{book ref|sa1|19}}{{book ref|sa1|38}} The exact method for defining when aan DesolationEpoch starts or ends is currently unknown.{{wob ref|11831}} One Desolation began to show signs of occurring in the Eighth Epoch, year 337, when a small village in [[Natanatan]] was attacked by the [[Midnight Essence]].{{book ref|sa1|19}}
 
The time between each Desolation grew shorter with each subsequent Desolation. At first there were centuries between Desolations, which eventually shortened into decades, which finally became a single year between the Last Desolation and the one directly before it.{{book ref|sa1|38}}
 
==== The Last Legion ====
}}
 
At the end of the [[Last Desolation]], around 4500 before the True Desolation,{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} nine of the ten Heralds had survived the fighting. As usual, they were supposed to return to [[Braize]] to hold back the [[Fused]]. However, knowing they could not face more torture, they came up with an alternative plan. [[Taln]], the only Herald never to have broken during the millennia of Desolations and the only Herald who had died that time, would remain on Braize by himself.{{book ref|sa3|38}} They had been warned that lingering on Roshar could lead to the start of another Desolation, but [[Ishar]] claimed that Taln by himself would be enough to hold back the Desolations and maintain the Oathpact. Rather than tell mankind the truth, the Heralds proclaimed that they had finally won the war against the Voidbringers.{{book ref|sa1|prelude}} This deception lasted for four thousand fivearound hundred4500 years, until Taln finally returned from Braize to Roshar by mechanics which are as yet unclear.{{book ref|sa3|38}}{{wob ref|14869}}
 
=== The Era of Solitude ===
|side=right|size=350px
}}
The [[False Desolation]] began around 2500 years after the Last Desolation,{{book ref|sa3|56}} when [[Ba-Ado-Mishram]] learned how to [[Connection|Connect]] with the majority of the singers, giving them [[Regal|forms of power]] and access to [[Voidlight]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|80}} The Radiants, unaware of how she did this, sought a way to end the fighting for good, as the Heralds had promised them.{{epigraph ref|sa3|82}} The fighting became particularly intense at this time,{{epigraph ref|sa2|41}} as the singers made a push towards [[Feverstone Keep]], possibly as part of a plan to capture [[Rall Elorim]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|84}}
 
Working together, the scholars among the Radiants theorized that an [[Unmade]] could be imprisoned like a regular [[spren]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|79}} That devised a plan to trap Ba-Ado-Mishram and prevent her from Connecting with the singers and providing them with Voidlight.{{epigraph ref|sa3|78}} This plan would require [[Melishi]], the only [[Bondsmith]] of his generation,{{epigraph ref|sa3|67}} and a special prison, likely a [[perfect gemstone]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|79}} Although Melishi was confident the plan would succeed in destroying the Voidbringers, [[Naze-daughter-Kuzodo]] warned of unintended side effects.{{epigraph ref|sa3|81}} Although the plan seems to have succeeded, as Ba-Ado-Mishram has not been seen in modern times unlike other Unmade,{{epigraph ref|sa3|107}} Naze-daughter-Kuzodo's warning was correct. Because she had been Connected to all the singers, their Connection and [[Identity]] was torn out of them, creating slaveform or parshmen.{{book ref|sa3|17}} The Radiants' horror for what happened likely contributed to the Recreance.
During the lead up to the [[Day of Recreance]], many events occurred which demoralized the Knights Radiant. The [[Sibling]], for some unknown reason, withdrew from [[Urithiru]] and forced the Knights to abandon their ancestral home. Many Radiants blamed this on a perceived unworthiness, including increased conflicts between the [[Windrunners]] and [[Skybreakers]], but scholars of the time disagreed.{{epigraph ref|sa3|70}}{{epigraph ref|sa3|64}} This concern extended to potential infiltration by [[Unmade]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|73}} While this was occurring, the False Desolation was coming to a close. The presumed success in imprisoning Ba-Ado-Mishram leading to the singers having their Connection and Identity ripped out of them likely influenced the Radiants.{{book ref|sa3|17}} In the midst of this turmoil, the Radiants discovered the truth about the origins of humans on Roshar. The singers had been the original inhabitants of Roshar. The humans came as refugees from their [[Ashyn|homeworld]], which they had destroyed with surges. After being taken in by the singers and given [[Shinovar]], they invaded Roshar and started the Desolations. While Honor had comforted previous generations who learned this, this time he was dying. He raved about the [[Dawnshard]]s and promised the Radiants they would destroy Roshar like they had their homeworld.{{book ref|sa3|113}}
 
As a result of these revelations, the nine of the ten orders decided to abandon their oaths, and in agreement with their spren, kill them. They believed that this would prevent the destruction of Roshar Honor warned them about.{{book ref|sa3|113}} At the locations they left their [[Shardplate|Plate]] and [[Shardblade|Blades]], men quickly began fighting over the weapons, leading to much death and destruction.{{book ref|sa1|52}} The Radiants, other than the Skybreakers, were quickly turned on and killed because of the sense of betrayal felt.{{epigraph ref|sa2|41}} Society for both spren and humans drastically changed in the aftermath. Those with Shardblades quickly consolidated their power, including using ''[[Arts and Majesty]]'' to justify women not wielding them.{{wob ref|6245}} It is likely that this is when [[lighteyes]] truly came to power. The genocide decimated the populations of spren societies. Most of the survivors were children forced to spend centuries without nurture or guidance. Some societies took two thousand years to fully recover. {{book ref|sa3|47}}
 
==== The Scouring of Aimia ====
==== The Hierocracy and the War of Loss ====
:''Main articles:'' [[Hierocracy]] and [[War of Loss]]
The [[Hierocracy]] began when the [[Vorinism|Vorin Church]] decided to conquer the world and run the government rather than just provide spiritual guidance.{{book ref|sa1|36}} They claimed their conquering was for the good of the people. Some of the most powerful ardents claimed to have visions from the [[Almighty]], which they used to solidify their rule and obfuscate their religion. One of their main goals was to destroy knowledge of the failures of Vorinism, including [[Shadesmar]], the Knights Radiant, and the Recreance.{{book ref|sa2|3}}{{book ref|sa1|45}} They were primarily successful, as even the major libraries on Roshar are missing this information. Before the Hierocracy could spread to the west, [[Sadees]], the Sunmaker, united the princedoms of [[Alethkar]] to drive out the Hierocracy five centuries before the True Desolation.{{book ref|sa1|18}}{{book ref|sa1|24}}{{book ref|sa1|26}} They fought in manyvarious epiclarge battles the likes of which have not been seen since in what came to be known as the [[War of Loss]].{{book ref|sa1|52}} The Sunmaker successfully cast down the Hierocracy and stated the visions were a fraud.
 
Sadees's win in the War of Loss affected much of eastern Roshar. Sadees declared himself king of Alethkar and began a conquest of Roshar.{{book ref|sa3|34}} Although the extent of his empire is not exactly known, [[Herdaz]] and [[Azir]] were both included. He committed genocide in Azir and killed ten percent of the population.{{book ref|sa3|42}} His empire quickly collapsed after his death, however, as he did not choose an heir, and his ten sons divided the kingdom into princedoms and became [[highprince]]s.{{book ref|sa3|19}} The effects of the Hierocracy on Vorinism can still be felt incenturies the modern timelater. The central leadership of the church was destroyed and split into mostly independent [[Devotaries]].{{book ref|sa1|33}}{{book ref|sa1|36}} The ardents became slaves who could not own land or property.{{book ref|sa1|45}}{{book ref|sa1|59}} Their revisions to historical texts also perpetuate, and it is difficult to find information about pre-Hierocracy history or the Knights Radiant.{{book ref|sa2|3}}
 
==== Reunification of Alethkar ====
{{for|Eighty's War}}
 
Meanwhile, in the Makabakam region, Emul and Tukar began to engage in a protracted war over ownership of the Dawncity of [[Sesemalex Dar]]. The EmulEmuli had the city situated as their capital, and claimed it was their ancestral homeland, granted to them by the Heralds themselves.{{book ref|sa1|54}}{{book ref|sa2|i|14}} On the other side, the Tukari, led by the Herald Ishar, also claimed rightful ownership of the city for unknown reasons.{{book ref|sa2|i|14}}
 
This conflict was not something new, with various wars over Sesemalex Dar occurring over the history of the two nations, with the Eighty's War only being the most recent iteration of these conflicts.{{book ref|sa2.5|2}}
==== Expedition to Aimia ====
{{for|Expedition to Akinah}}
At some point long before the True Desolation, the Dawnshard of Change was brought to Aimia, and the [[Sleepless]] became its guardians.{{book ref|sa3.5|19}}
{{expand}}
 
During the expedition to Aimia, [[Rsyn]] took on the Dawnshard of Change.{{book ref|sa3.5|16}}{{book ref|sa3.5|19}}{{expand}}
 
==== Singer Occupation of Urithiru ====
 
==== Post-Contest ====
Even several years after the Contest of Champions, in {{date|348|fa}} in the Scadrian reckoning, travel to and from Roshar in Shadesmar was still considered extremely dangerous. This made interplanetary trade infeasible.{{book ref|mb7|39}}
 
==== Space Age ====
Long after the True Desolation, Roshar became involved in interplanetary conflicts.{{book ref|tsm|44}} They are considered uncivilized by the [[Scadrial|Scadrian]] [[TimeTellers]].{{book ref|tsm|44}}
 
== Culture and Society ==
Each week is made up of five days,{{book ref|sa1|14}} with a month being made of ten weeks or fifty days,{{book ref|sa1|27}} and a year on Roshar is 500 days long, ultimately defined by the time between two [[Weeping]]s.{{book ref|sa2|46}}
 
Although the Rosharan year is 500 days long, these days are shorter than usual, coming in at 20 Rosharan hours, which are themselves cut down into 50 Rosharan minutes.{{ref|text=A Rosharan hour is slightly shorter than an Earth hour, roughly 0.964 hours.{{wob ref|8086}}|group=Notefn}}{{wob ref|8928}} Consequently, a Rosharan year is only 10% longer than the cosmere standard.{{wob ref|8086}}{{au ref|Rosharan}}{{book ref|tsm|11}}
 
Other cultures across Roshar have different calendars, which consequently leads to differences in recorded year between nations and cultures. One culture known to make use of a different calendar are the Unkalaki. The Tukari and Emuli, and potentially the Azish in general, in which whose reckoning deems the period from Vorin year {{rosharan date|1167}} and {{rosharan date|1174}} to be in the eighties of an unclear century and millennium.{{book ref|sa2|i|14}}{{book ref|sa3.5|16}}{{wob ref|14531}}
{{image|Roshar_and_Surroundings.jpeg|side=right|width=250px|Roshar and its surrounding celestial bodies}}
{{for|Rosharan system}}
Roshar is the second planet from its sun.{{au ref|Roshar}} It has several notable heavenly bodies, including three moons. The first and smallest moon is violet '''Salas'''. The middle moon is '''Nomon''', which is a bright, pale blue. The final moon is '''Mishim''', which is smaller than Nomon and green. The Shin refer to the moons as the Three Sisters, and call each moon by its order, with Salas being the First Sister, Nomon the Second Sister and Mishim the Third Sister, while in [[Natanatan]], Nomon is considered to be male.{{book ref|sa3|67}} The [[singer]]s call Nomon Honor's Moon.{{book ref|sa4|31}} All three moons rise and fall in the same order every night and have highly unstable orbits on an astronomical timescale, suggesting they were placed artificially. They complete two orbits per day.{{wob ref|16058}} These moons are relatively small,{{book ref|sa1|19}}{{ref|group=fn|text= They are comparable to [[wikipedia:Phobos_(moon)|Phobos]] in size (about 11 kilometers in radius).{{wob ref|9202}}{{wob ref|8096}}}} They orbit relatively close to the surface, and during the night they come closer than their geosynchronous orbit altitude.{{wob ref|9202}}{{wob ref|8096}}
 
Other notable features of Rosharan sky are [[Taln's Scar]] and [[Tear|Reya's Tear]]. The Scar is a great swath of red stars that stand out against the white ones.{{book ref|sa1|2}} It is important in Rosharan astrology, particularly its position on one's seventh birthday.{{book ref|sa1|33}} The [[Tear]] is a particularly bright star, named after a single tear shed by a woman named [[Reya]] from Rosharan mythology.{{book ref|sa2|31}}
== Trivia ==
* Although the word "dozen" is often used in the [[The Stormlight Archive]], Rosharans actually would say tens instead and Brandon just translated "tens" into "dozens" to make the book easier to read.{{wob ref|14013}}
* At some point, the Rosharan supercontinent was originally planned to be shaped like a cymatic pattern, but this idea was scrapped in favor of a Julia Set. In [[The Way of Kings Prime]], it was laid out in a three-pronged shape.{{wob ref|7116}}
* There is no chocolate on Roshar.{{wob ref|14605}}
* Roshar is of interest to several powers in the cosmere, as it is a world where pure Investiture is incredibly easy to come by.
== Notes ==
;Footnotes
<references group=Notefn />
 
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