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|perpendicularity=[[Honor's Perpendicularity]], [[Cultivation's Perpendicularity]]
|magic=[[Surgebinding]], [[Old Magic]], [[Voidbinding]]
|gravity=0.7 [[cosmere standard]]{{au ref|roshar}}
|radius=0.9 cosmere standard{{au ref|roshar}}
|system=[[Rosharan system]]{{map ref|Roshar system}}
|universe=[[Cosmere]]
}}
'''Roshar''' is a planet in the [[cosmere]] and one of thirteen planets in the [[Rosharan system]]. It is also the name of the supercontinent that contains all of the planet's known inhabitants.{{au ref|roshar}} It is the second planet from the system's sun, orbiting between [[Ashyn]] and [[Braize]], and it has three moons.{{
== Geography and Ecology ==
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Roshar has 0° of axial tilt.{{wob ref|11448}} Due to having no axial tilt, the sun runs along the equator. Rosharans can easily geolocate themselves and tell time by the path and location of the sun.{{book ref|sa2|87}}{{book ref|sa3|57}}{{epigraph ref|sa3|84}}{{book ref|sa1|i|5}}{{book ref|sa4|64}}{{book ref|yumi|4}} The orbital period of Roshar is around 1.1 standard years.{{book ref|tsm|11}}{{wob ref|8928}}{{wob ref|3781}}{{wob ref|5569}}{{wob ref|10572}} The solar day of Roshar is around 20 rosharan hours, and there are around 500 solar days in a year.{{wob ref|248}}
The partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere of Roshar is higher than standard cosmere.{{au ref|roshar}}{{wob ref|1806}} There are no oil deposits from mass extinction events on Roshar.{{wob ref|15003}}
=== Pre-Desolation Roshar ===
==== Creation and Early Inhabitants ====
The planet of Roshar predates the [[Shattering]]. It had likely existed for about
Around ten-thousand Rosharan years (11000 standard years) before the [[True Desolation]], intelligent spren were created.{{book ref|sa4|i|1}} This was presumably around the time [[Honor]] and [[Cultivation]] settled on Roshar.
|From the [[Eila Stele]]{{epigraph ref|sa3|115}}
}}
Humans fled to Roshar from [[Ashyn]], another planet in the [[Rosharan system]], around
{{image|The History of Man.jpg|side=left|width=250px|A [[Vorin]] perspective on the history of mankind
=== The Heraldic Epochs ===
To combat this, the [[Herald]]s made a deal with Honor called the [[Oathpact]]. This deal sealed away the Fused on Braize. However, there was a loophole. The Heralds could choose to allow the Fused to return to Roshar, so they were caught on Braize and tortured. The return of Heralds and Fused and the conflict that occurred became known as the Desolations.{{book ref|sa3|38}} The spren started to mimic the herald's [[Honorblade]]s and the [[Knights Radiant]] were formed. They helped to fight and rebuild society after a Desolation.{{book ref|sa2|4}}
Time during this period was separated into several-century long Epochs, which are further separated into years.{{book ref|sa1|19}}{{book ref|sa1|38}} The exact method for defining when
The time between each Desolation grew shorter with each subsequent Desolation. At first there were centuries between Desolations, which eventually shortened into decades, which finally became a single year between the Last Desolation and the one directly before it.{{book ref|sa1|38}}
==== The Last Legion ====
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At the end of the [[Last Desolation]], around 4500 before the True Desolation,{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} nine of the ten Heralds had survived the fighting. As usual, they were supposed to return to [[Braize]] to hold back the [[Fused]]. However, knowing they could not face more torture, they came up with an alternative plan. [[Taln]], the only Herald never to have broken during the millennia of Desolations and the only Herald who had died that time, would remain on Braize by himself.{{book ref|sa3|38}} They had been warned that lingering on Roshar could lead to the start of another Desolation, but [[Ishar]] claimed that Taln by himself would be enough to hold back the Desolations and maintain the Oathpact. Rather than tell mankind the truth, the Heralds proclaimed that they had finally won the war against the Voidbringers.{{book ref|sa1|prelude}} This deception lasted for
=== The Era of Solitude ===
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The [[False Desolation]] began around 2500 years after the Last Desolation,{{book ref|sa3|56}} when [[Ba-Ado-Mishram]] learned how to [[Connection|Connect]] with the majority of the singers, giving them [[Regal|forms of power]] and access to [[Voidlight]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|80}} The Radiants, unaware of how she did this, sought a way to end the fighting for good, as the Heralds had promised them.{{epigraph ref|sa3|82}} The fighting became particularly intense at this time,{{epigraph ref|sa2|41}} as the singers made a push towards [[Feverstone Keep]], possibly as part of a plan to capture [[Rall Elorim]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|84}}
Working together, the scholars among the Radiants theorized that an [[Unmade]] could be imprisoned like a regular [[spren]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|79}} That devised a plan to trap Ba-Ado-Mishram and prevent her from Connecting with the singers and providing them with Voidlight.{{epigraph ref|sa3|78}} This plan would require [[Melishi]], the only [[Bondsmith]] of his generation,{{epigraph ref|sa3|67}} and a special prison, likely a [[perfect gemstone]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|79}} Although Melishi was confident the plan would succeed in destroying the Voidbringers, [[Naze-daughter-Kuzodo]] warned of unintended side effects.{{epigraph ref|sa3|81}} Although the plan seems to have succeeded, as Ba-Ado-Mishram has not been seen in modern times unlike other Unmade,{{epigraph ref|sa3|107}} Naze-daughter-Kuzodo's warning was correct. Because she had been Connected to all the singers, their Connection and [[Identity]] was torn out of them, creating slaveform or parshmen.{{book ref|sa3|17}} The Radiants' horror for what happened likely contributed to the Recreance.
During the lead up to the [[Day of Recreance]], many events occurred which demoralized the Knights Radiant. The [[Sibling]], for some unknown reason, withdrew from [[Urithiru]] and forced the Knights to abandon their ancestral home. Many Radiants blamed this on a perceived unworthiness, including increased conflicts between the [[Windrunners]] and [[Skybreakers]], but scholars of the time disagreed.{{epigraph ref|sa3|70}}{{epigraph ref|sa3|64}} This concern extended to potential infiltration by [[Unmade]].{{epigraph ref|sa3|73}} While this was occurring, the False Desolation was coming to a close. The presumed success in imprisoning Ba-Ado-Mishram leading to the singers having their Connection and Identity ripped out of them likely influenced the Radiants.{{book ref|sa3|17}} In the midst of this turmoil, the Radiants discovered the truth about the origins of humans on Roshar. The singers had been the original inhabitants of Roshar. The humans came as refugees from their [[Ashyn|homeworld]], which they had destroyed with surges. After being taken in by the singers and given [[Shinovar]], they invaded Roshar and started the Desolations. While Honor had comforted previous generations who learned this, this time he was dying. He raved about the [[Dawnshard]]s and promised the Radiants they would destroy Roshar like they had their homeworld.{{book ref|sa3|113}}
As a result of these revelations, the nine of the ten orders decided to abandon their oaths, and in agreement with their spren, kill them. They believed that this would prevent the destruction of Roshar Honor warned them about.{{book ref|sa3|113}} At the locations they left their [[Shardplate|Plate]] and [[Shardblade|Blades]], men quickly began fighting over the weapons, leading to much death and destruction.{{book ref|sa1|52}} The Radiants, other than the Skybreakers, were quickly turned on and killed because of the sense of betrayal felt.{{epigraph ref|sa2|41}} Society for both spren and humans drastically changed in the aftermath. Those with Shardblades quickly consolidated their power, including using ''[[Arts and Majesty]]'' to justify women not wielding them.{{wob ref|6245}} It is likely that this is when [[lighteyes]] truly came to power. The genocide decimated the populations of spren societies. Most of the survivors were children forced to spend centuries without nurture or guidance. Some societies took two thousand years to fully recover.
==== The Scouring of Aimia ====
==== The Hierocracy and the War of Loss ====
:''Main articles:'' [[Hierocracy]] and [[War of Loss]]
The [[Hierocracy]] began when the [[Vorinism|Vorin Church]] decided to conquer the world and run the government rather than just provide spiritual guidance.{{book ref|sa1|36}} They claimed their conquering was for the good of the people. Some of the most powerful ardents claimed to have visions from the [[Almighty]], which they used to solidify their rule and obfuscate their religion. One of their main goals was to destroy knowledge of the failures of Vorinism, including [[Shadesmar]], the Knights Radiant, and the Recreance.{{book ref|sa2|3}}{{book ref|sa1|45}} They were primarily successful, as even the major libraries on Roshar are missing this information. Before the Hierocracy could spread to the west, [[Sadees]], the Sunmaker, united the princedoms of [[Alethkar]] to drive out the Hierocracy five centuries before the True Desolation.{{book ref|sa1|18}}{{book ref|sa1|24}}{{book ref|sa1|26}} They fought in
Sadees's win in the War of Loss affected much of eastern Roshar. Sadees declared himself king of Alethkar and began a conquest of Roshar.{{book ref|sa3|34}} Although the extent of his empire is not exactly known, [[Herdaz]] and [[Azir]] were both included. He committed genocide in Azir and killed ten percent of the population.{{book ref|sa3|42}} His empire quickly collapsed after his death, however, as he did not choose an heir, and his ten sons divided the kingdom into princedoms and became [[highprince]]s.{{book ref|sa3|19}} The effects of the Hierocracy on Vorinism can still be felt
==== Reunification of Alethkar ====
{{for|Eighty's War}}
Meanwhile, in the Makabakam region, Emul and Tukar began to engage in a protracted war over ownership of the Dawncity of [[Sesemalex Dar]]. The
This conflict was not something new, with various wars over Sesemalex Dar occurring over the history of the two nations, with the Eighty's War only being the most recent iteration of these conflicts.{{book ref|sa2.5|2}}
==== Expedition to Aimia ====
{{for|Expedition to Akinah}}
At some point long before the True Desolation, the Dawnshard of Change was brought to Aimia, and the [[Sleepless]] became its guardians.{{book ref|sa3.5|19}}
During the expedition to Aimia, [[Rsyn]] took on the Dawnshard of Change.{{book ref|sa3.5|16}}{{book ref|sa3.5|19}}{{expand}}
==== Singer Occupation of Urithiru ====
==== Post-Contest ====
Even several years after the Contest of Champions, in {{date|348|fa}} in the Scadrian reckoning, travel to and from Roshar in Shadesmar was still considered extremely dangerous. This made interplanetary trade infeasible.{{book ref|mb7|39}}
==== Space Age ====
Long after the True Desolation, Roshar became involved in interplanetary conflicts.{{book ref|tsm|44}} They are considered uncivilized by the [[Scadrial|Scadrian]] [[TimeTellers]].{{book ref|tsm|44}}
== Culture and Society ==
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