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{{lifeform
|image=Folio - Contemporary Singer Fashion color.jpeg
|world=Roshar
|universe=[[Cosmere]]
|books=[[The Stormlight Archive]]
}}
{{update|sa4}}
{{quote
|The betrayal of spren has brought us here.<!--
--><br/>They gave their Surges to human heirs,<!--
--><br/>But not to those who know them most dear, before us.<!--
--><br/>’Tis no surprise we turned away<!--
--><br/>Unto the gods we spent our days<!--
--><br/>And to become their molding clay, they changed us.
|[[Song of Secrets]], 40th Stanza{{epigraph ref|sa2|28}}
}}
The '''singers''' are
They are descended from the ancient [[Dawnsingers]] who first inhabited ancient Roshar before the [[Shattering of Adonalsium]], first emerging upon their creation over ten-thousand years prior to the [[True Desolation]].{{wob ref|1723}}{{book ref|sa3|111}} The level of biological similarity they have with their ancestors is unclear.
Singers predate
== Etymology and definition ==
''Singer'' and ''listener'' are the translations of what the singers call themselves in their own respective languages, [[Dawnchant]] and ''Listener'', both in the Dawnate language family.{{wob ref|3977}} ''Singer'' technically does not refer to the entire species, with the species name being currently unknown.{{wob ref|11846}}{{wob ref|15134}} ''Listener'' refers specifically to the singers which, at some point prior to the [[Recreance]], turned away from Odium and abandoned their [[Regal]] forms and chose to settle on the [[Shattered Plains]].{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}
Etymologically, ''Singer'' refers to their singing of the Rhythms of Roshar,{{cite}} and is likely derived from ''Dawnsinger''.
To the Alethi, they are known as the ''Parshendi'', translating to ''Parshmen who can think'', referring to their high cognitive capacity compared to [[slaveform]]s kept as slaves by humans.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}}
== Evolution ==
Singers did not evolve naturally, but were instead intentionally created by [[Adonalsium]] some time prior to its Shattering.{{wob ref|12266}} It is unknown how much modern singers differ from their distant ancestors.
They were created as an essential part of the Rosharan ecosystem, to what effect is unknown.{{wob ref|1723}} They were also intentionally made to be able to breed with humans.{{wob ref|9235}}
== Biology and Appearance ==
{{image|Call to Adventure - Willshaper.png|side=right|width=250px|A femalen singer}}
Singers are humanoid, but not entirely similar to ''Homo sapiens'', differing in various notable aspects.
They are bipedal, and posses a foramen magnum at the base of the skull; they also have a large intracranial space, comparable to ''Homo sapiens''. This, alongside a presumably well-developed cerebrum, gives them a high cognitive capacity. It is unclear how prominent of a supraorbital ridge they possess, if any. They have a protruding nasus very similar to that of humans.
They have greater resistance to cold temperatures than humans.{{book ref|sa4|102}}
=== Aging and Senescence ===
Apart from their polychromatic skin, singers have other features that differentiate them from humans. They grow at a faster rate than humans and have slightly shorter average lifespans.{{wob ref|13401}}{{book ref|sa4|83}} In the [[listener]]s' culture, [[Venli]] started to learn about singing as a keeper of songs at age three and is considered adult at age ten.{{book ref|sa4|83}}
Their epidermal marbling whitening at the edges is a sign of age and senescence.{{book ref|sa4|62}} Furthermore, elderly singers can experience cognitive decline, memory loss, and difficulty developing new memories.{{cite}} Dullform experiences rapid degradation in mental faculties as one ages, Singer children are born in dullform, and do not experience the normal cognitive impairments of dullform in adult singers. By around seven or eight Rosharan years, cognitive decline begins to manifest, forcing young singers to take on a different form.{{book ref|sa4|68}}{{wob ref|14067}}
=== Carapace ===
Their bodies have red-orange carapace growing over various parts of their body; where and how much depends on what form the singer is currently in, but they typically cover the cranium and the upper extremities.{{book ref|sa3|55}} Their carapace is held on to their body by a series of blue ligaments, suggesting the lack of an epidermis under their carapace.{{book ref|sa1|59}}
The amount of carapace and where it forms is dependent on the form the singer is in, for example, in warform it manifests as armor-like plating across the entire body; this carapace armor is designed not only to grant greater protection to the singer, but also to trap air and push it up underneath to cool them.{{book ref|sa4|81}} On the other hand, nimbleform entirely lacks carapace.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}
=== Circulatory System ===
Singers have orange blood.{{book ref|sa3|38}} They possess a heart which pumps blood through their body in a closed circulatory system.{{book ref|sa3|111}}{{wob ref|15302}}{{cite}}
=== Endoskeleton ===
Their endoskeletons are made up of red-coloured bones.{{book ref|sa1|59}}{{book ref|sa1|62}}{{book ref|sa1|64}} They are known to possess a sternum, which is fused with their gemheart.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}} Within the bone is a white marrow-like substance.{{wob ref|9353}}
=== Epidermis and Epidermal Marblings ===
The most apparent sign of their non-human nature is the epidermis; it is covered in marblings, swirls of various colors - red, black or white.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} Most singers have dichromatic epidermides, either red-black or red-white; these marblings can manifest in various way, both as delicate swirls and large, wind-swept patterns.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}{{book ref|sa3|116}} There are singers whose skin is trichromatic, but they are extremely rare relative to the dichromatic phenotype.{{book ref|sa3|54}}{{book ref|sa4|45}} The color whitening at the edges is a sign of age and senescence.{{book ref|sa4|62}} Their hair is typically orange or red -- colors that do not appear to occur naturally in Rosharan humans, outside of those with partial singer genetic admixture.{{wob ref|5782}}{{book ref|sa3|109}} There is a relationship between the color of singer hair and their individual marbling colors.{{wob ref|14827}}
=== Extremities ===
They possess four limbs, made up of two upper and two lower extremities. Their upper extremities end with five-digit hands, and their lower extremities end with five-digit feet.
=== Gemhearts ===
Like many local species in the Rosharan biosphere, singers possess [[gemheart]]s, though theirs have a cloudy white coloration, and are fused to and grown into their sternum.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}{{wob ref|9353}} Those gemhearts allow them to bond with [[spren]], letting them change their '''forms''', leading to a change in both appearance and some mental faculty.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} Due to their gemhearts, singers do not leak [[Lights]] like humans do.{{book ref|sa4|31}}
The gemheart forms due to the internal chemical workings of the body, which uses the nutrients and chemicals present in crem in order to form the gemheart.{{wob ref|756}}{{wob ref|13335}}
=== Height ===
Due to Roshar's relatively low gravity, they are relatively tall compared to humans from other planets, averaging at over six feet (1.83 metres).{{cite}} Their height varies between forms, with forms such as Warform being taller and bulkier than other forms,{{book ref|sa3|37}}{{book ref|sa4|68}} and with envoyform being even taller than warform and Alethi humans.{{book ref|sa3|37}}{{book ref|sa4|68}}{{book ref|sa4|31}}{{book ref|sa3|109}}{{book ref|sa4|11}}{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}
=== Mandible and Molar Structure ===
Their teeth are built differently than human teeth; their back molars allow them to chew through shells, their dental formula is unknown, but is likely divergent from the dental formula of ''homo sapiens''.{{wob ref|2778}}{{wob ref|5782}} Their ability to crush shells is further assisted by a divergent mandible structure, with several bones not present in human mandibles, situated near the back of the structure.{{wob ref|3922}}
=== Metabolism and Diet ===
Their metabolism is geared towards metabolizing shells, which their jaw structure helps them to crush, allowing them to make better use of the local fauna.{{wob ref|2778}}
Singers can drink crem without getting sick.{{wob ref|11570}}
=== Ocular Structure ===
They have two eyes set in orbital cavities.{{cite}}<!--- Add the figure art for Kaladin with the skeletal armor once uploaded---> They are divergent from the eyes of ''homo sapiens'' - with black sclerae and no visible iris, giving them an all-black appearance.{{book ref|sa1|53}}
=== Sexes and reproduction ===
Singers possess four distinct sexes; male and female, which are capable of reproduction, and their neutered variants, '''malen''' and '''femalen'''.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} Singers' sex will change from between male and malen, or female and femalen, as they change forms; the vast majority of forms are either malen or femalen. As such, most singers are asexual the vast majority of the time.{{wob ref|3400}}{{wob ref|3388}} Singers usually identify as one of those four genders as well, though some identify with a non-
Singers cannot switch between male and female or malen and femalen by biological means, though it is possible to do so through Invested means.{{cite}} Their sex-determination system is unknown, and following from the inability to switch between male and female, ultimately decides between two sexes, despite their tetramorphism.{{wob ref|3922}}{{wob ref|5782}}
==== Interspecies Breeding and Introgression ====
Despite these genotypical and phenotypical differences, singers and humans are capable of cross-breeding; the [[Herdazian]]s and [[Unkalaki]] are notable examples of human ethnicities with singer ancestry, although they experienced a heavy degree of introgression. This ancestry is the source of the Herdazians' stone-like nails as well as the Unkalaki's shell-chewing teeth and red hair.{{wob ref|3922}}{{wob ref|5782}} As a result of their singer ancestry, Herdazians and Unkalaki are also more likely to identify as asexual.{{wob ref|3400}} It's unknown whether there are currently any people with both human and singer ancestry who identify as singers.
They do not share a common ancestor, though can interbreed due to the similar intent behind their creation.{{wob ref|3922}}{{wob ref|9235}}
==== Sexual Tetramorphism ====
Sexual tetramorphism is minimal in asexual forms, enough so that it is easy to misidentify the sex of a singer.{{cite}} The presence of facial hair on male and malen singers is one mark of sexual dimorphism present in malen and femalen forms.{{cite}} Female individuals, particularly those in mateform, have prominent breasts which are less notable in femalen individuals.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}
=== Spiritual Aspects ===
Despite these biological differences, singers are like humans in many [[Spiritual Realm|Spiritual]] aspects. Like humans, they can receive boons and curses from the [[Nightwatcher]].{{wob ref|1378}} They can also bond [[spren]] to attain [[Knights Radiant|Radiant]] powers, though most spren are unwilling to reach out for such a bond.{{book ref|sa3|120}} Singers can see the reality of the spren more closely than a human.{{book ref|sa4|48}}
== Forms ==
{{image|Parshendi by Javier Corpas.png|side=left|width=250px|A femalen singer}}
By bonding various [[spren]] in the [[highstorm]] or [[Everstorm]], Singers are capable of changing their '''form''', leading to a different appearance, capabilities and even mental state, as well as changing subtly their [[Spiritual Realm|Spiritual aspect]].{{book ref|sa2|i|5}}{{wob ref|3862}} It is possible that the forms also alter [[Identity]].{{wob ref|12722}} New forms come with a level of instinctual understanding.{{book ref|sa4|81}} Singers can maintain their form indefinitely, without needing to resupply with [[stormlight]] or [[voidlight]], and can use the abilities granted by the form without needing additional fuel.{{wob ref|11340}} New forms could exist.{{wob ref|14296}} Certain things can stop a singer from changing forms, such as [[Shardplate]].{{book ref|sa2|i|5}}
The forms are specializations, and gear the singer towards a particular purpose; for example, warform grants armor and increased strength, making it suitable for combat, while nimbleform grants dexterity, making it good for delicate tasks.{{book ref|sa2|79}}{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} There are also more specific forms, such as artform for creative endeavours, or mateform for breeding.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} Aside from dullform, every form is associated with a specific type of spren.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}} Ordinarily, what spren a singer will bond -- and thus what form they'll assume -- depends on their mindset during the highstorm. However, capturing a spren in a gemstone and bringing it into the storm all but ensures that a specific form will be selected.{{book ref|sa2|i|5}} Bonding to a [[Sja-anat|corrupted]] spren will give different results.{{wob ref|15322}}
When changing forms, a singer may temporarily not be able to hear certain rhythms, or hear pure tones.{{book ref|sa2|i|5}}{{book ref|sa4|68}}
[[Hemalurgy]] could also be used to replicate the transformation of the forms.{{wob ref|3471}}
[[Listener]]s recounted many common forms in the [[Song of Listing]]; they also have songs speaking of [[Regal|forms of power]] -- the [[Song of Secrets]] and the [[Song of Winds]].
=== Known common forms ===
These forms are mentioned in the listener [[Song of Listing]]. After the [[Recreance]] and before the [[True Desolation]], when the only singers who could think clearly were the [[listener]]s, the listeners only discovered five forms: dullform, mateform, warform, workform, and nimbleform. When the [[Everstorm]] arrived and healed the other singers, singers held these forms and other common forms the listeners could not reproduce, such as artform and scholarform, and had a "dozen" options.{{book ref|sa3|I|7}}
====Dullform====
}}
Dullform occurs when a singer bonds an incorrect [[spren]], or a spren that does not grant any other form.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}} It's physically similar to the "slaveform" of the parshmen, to the point where a dullform singer can easily pass for one.{{book ref|sa2|79}} It is also mentally limiting; those in dullform find thinking difficult, as if they were half-asleep, and have a harder time hearing the [[
Dullform was one of the two forms the [[Last Legion]] was left with after breaking away from the rest of the singers, alongside mateform. It was largely abandoned as other forms were rediscovered. However, [[listener]] spies still used it when infiltrating the human warcamps, thanks to its similarity to slaveform.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}
Singer children are born in dullform, though for them, it is more vibrant and less cloudy; a property it loses as the singer ages.{{book ref|sa4|68}} The listeners call this subtype of dullform "childform".{{wob ref|14067}} They need to take another form around the age of seven or eight.{{book ref|sa4|68}}
<br style="clear:right;">
}}
Mateform is used by singers to reproduce; though the other forms are capable of having children, mateform is the one most specialized for the purpose.{{wob ref|3400}} In female singers, entering mateform increases the size of their breasts; it's unknown what physical effect it has on male singers. Mentally, mateform causes a singer to behave irresponsibly and become distracted in favour of the form's primary purpose; mateforms will sometimes ignore their assigned task, or do things that are expressly forbidden, without realizing the issue with that.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} Some singers are, however, capable of keeping themselves together while in mateform, though this requires strong mental discipline.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}} Singers in mateform are bonded with [[Spren#Lifespren|lifespren]].{{book ref|sa4|68}}
It was one of the original forms the [[Last Legion]] had after abandoning the [[Regal]] forms, alongside dullform. Presently, most singers assume it only transiently, when they wish to attempt having children, though there are some who keep it on at all times.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}}
}}
Warform gives listeners an armor-like carapace, and makes them taller and bulkier than other forms.{{book ref|sa3|37}}{{book
The first listeners to enter warform heard the pure tone of Honor.{{book ref|sa4|68}}
<br style="clear:right;">
====Workform====
{{image|Workform by Marie Seeberger.jpg|side=right|width=200px}}
}}
Workform endows increased strength, though it lacks the armor; rather, singers in workform are limber and rugged. It's better suited for labor, and most workers use it; however, it is also sometimes used when fighting.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa3|115}} Singers in workform have carapace in ridges along the backs of their hands, and no carapace on the rest of their body.{{book ref|sa4|62}} They are also fairly resistant to cold weather.{{book ref|sa4|68}} While in workform, singers are more obedient, and have greater difficulty committing violence, forcing one to find peaceful solutions to various problems.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa2|i|11}} It's also considered more flexible than warform.{{book ref|sa3|prologue}} Singers in workform are bonded with [[Spren#Gravitationspren|gravitationspren]].{{book ref|sa4|11}}
The first listeners to bond workform heard the pure tone of Cultivation.{{book ref|sa4|68}}
<br style="clear:right;">
====Nimbleform====
{{image|Nimbleform by Marie Seeberger.jpg|side=right|width=200px}}
Nimbleform is a general form without any singular, apparent function; rather, it's useful for all work that requires dexterity and care. For this reason, listeners use it for tasks such as research, art, and raising children.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} It has no carapace, and less endurance than other forms; singers in nimbleform are physically weaker, grow longer hair, and have thinner, more slender facial features.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa2|i|4}} It does not impede the mind, and in fact encourages greater focus.{{book ref|sa2|i|11}}
This form was rediscovered by the singers during the [[War of Reckoning]], through research led by [[Venli]].{{book ref|sa2|i|1}} It is possible that a bond with a windspren is what allows singers to enter nimbleform.{{book ref|sa4|73}} During the [[True Desolation]], most liberated singers wore either it or workform.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}
<br style="clear:right;">
}}
Little is known about mediationform; it appears to bestow improved speech capabilities, or better ability to convince or bestow information upon others.{{epigraph ref|sa2|21}} Singers in mediationform have smooth, beautiful carapace, and open faces.{{book ref|sa4|51}} The head researcher of the listeners, [[Venli]], claimed that she was looking for it throughout the [[War of Reckoning]], but in reality, she
====Scholarform====
}}
Artform is formed by bonding [[creationspren]];{{epigraph ref|sa2|29}} as its name implies, it specializes in artistic expression, such as painting or music.{{epigraph ref|sa2|20}} Venli claimed to be researching this form to other listeners, though that was most likely a lie.{{book ref|sa2|i|4}} It has not been discovered during the [[War of Reckoning]], but rather returned to the singers
===Forms of Power===
|[[Fused]] propaganda{{book ref|sa3|115}}
}}
Forms of power are attained by bonding a [[voidspren]] rather than an ordinary spren. Within Odium's army, such singers are referred to as [[Regal]]s.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}} In contrast to common forms, forms of power bestow explicitly supernatural abilities, such as being able to shoot lightning from one's fingers or speak any language in the world.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}}{{book ref|sa2|i|8}} They can drastically alter one's ways of thinking, such as making people more selfish and callous, and can feel intoxicating.{{book ref|sa2|i|11}}{{book ref|sa3|i|3}} They allow singers to hear and use new
Forms of power include, among others, [[stormform]], [[nightform]], [[smokeform]], [[decayform]], and [[envoyform]].
{{quote
|They may have taken your freedom, but they took our '''minds'''.
|[[Sah]] to Kaladin on their respective forms of slavery{{book ref|sa3|17}}
}}
The term '''slaveform''' is how listeners describe singers with no [[spren]] bond, no form, and vastly limited mental capacity; humans refer to such singers as the '''parshmen'''.{{book ref|sa2|i|1}}{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} It looks visually similar to dullform, enough so that humans can confuse the two.{{book ref|sa2|71}} Slaveform did not exist until after the [[False Desolation]].{{wob ref|8400}} It was created when [[Melishi]] led a strike team to capture [[Ba-Ado-Mishram]], who was providing the singers with [[Regal]] forms.{{epigraph ref|sa3|80}} Though
Physically, slaveform singers are strong enough to perform physical labor.{{book ref|sa1|55}} However, they
Despite this, slaveform singers do retain some
=== Exploitation ===
Prior to the arrival of the [[Everstorm]], parshmen are used as slave labor across the entirety of [[Roshar]].{{book ref|sa1|3}} Parshmen slaves are typically more expensive than human ones,
They are often used as servants, as well as
== Rhythms ==
{{for|Rhythm}}
Singers are connected to
The singers speak and sing to the rhythms; they carry the singers' emotions, as well as add meaning to their words. However, not all forms can attune the rhythms equally. Dullform can only hear them weakly; slaveform cannot hear them at all.{{book ref|sa3|55}} Additionally, those infused with the power of [[Odium]], mainly the [[Regal]]s and the [[Fused]], can only hear Odium's rhythms, also called the Rhythms of Power. Those rhythms, while similar to regular ones, are usually more violent and aggressive, and represent more twisted, angrier emotions -- for example, Ridicule replaces Amusement, and Command approximates Appreciation.{{book ref|sa3|i|3}}{{book ref|sa2|i|11}} They also feel and sound different than the ordinary rhythms.{{wob ref|1682}}
[[Soother]]s can affect singer
== History ==
=== Creation ===
The singers predate the arrival of humans on Roshar, having been created by Adonalsium as part of the planet's natural ecosystem.{{wob ref|1723}}
=== The Dawnsingers ===
|From the [[Eila Stele]]{{book ref|sa3|111}}
}}
After the [[Expulsion]], in which mankind accidentally destroyed their homeworld, [[Ashyn]], the ancient singers were ordered by their gods [[Honor]] and [[Cultivation]] to help the human refugees who arrived on their planet. These ancient singers were known as the Dawnsingers.{{book ref|sa3|111}} Initially, the two species interacted peaceably, with some singers and humans even intermingling, creating [[Herdazian]]s and the [[Unkalaki]].{{wob ref|5262}}
However, mankind's arrival also brought [[Odium]], and conflict soon began. Humans, originally granted only the land of [[Shinovar]], sought to expand, causing the conflict that would eventually come to be known as the [[First Desolation]]. During that time, the singers came to call humans "Voidbringers", as humans cannot hear the rhythms. In that conflict, [[spren]] eventually came to side with humans, leading to a sense of deep betrayal in the singers.{{book ref|sa3|111}} It seems that the singers did something that caused the spren to turn on them.{{wob ref|5653}}{{book ref|sa4|87}}
=== The Fused ===
{{image|The Fused by jurassicpencil.jpg|side=right|width=350px|A flying [[Fused]]}}
At some point, [[Honor]] and [[Cultivation]] sided with
To combat
Not all singers, however, were
=== The parsh ===
}}
The singers, no longer the dominant species on Roshar, continued to fight
Around two thousand years after the Last Desolation, near the Recreance, another conflict between the two species flared up. Dubbed the [[False Desolation]], it was notable for the participation of [[Ba-Ado-Mishram]], one of [[Odium]]'s [[Unmade]].{{book ref|sa3|56}} Ba-Ado-Mishram Connected with the singers and provided them [[Regal]] forms and [[Voidlight]], as Odium once did in the Desolations, allowing the singers to wage war at levels closer to those of the real Desolations.{{epigraph ref|sa3|80}} In response, the [[Knights Radiant]] imprisoned Ba-Ado-Mishram
These singers without form -- "slaveforms" to listeners, and '''parshmen''' to humans --
=== The listeners ===
{{image|Parshendi Army.jpg|side=right|width=350px|A [[listener]] army}}
The listeners
After six years of constant warfare, the listeners, manipulated by one of the [[voidspren]], recovered
=== The new singers ===
}}
The newly restored singers assumed seemingly random forms.{{book ref|sa3|i|7}} Their
To make
== Known singer groups ==
== Trivia ==
* Singer gemhearts are related to Tamu Keks, a type of bone from
== Notes ==
|
edits