Difference between revisions of "Surgebinding"

Surgebinding
	by Isaac Stewart
Related to	Honor, Cultivation
Prerequisites	One's actions
Type	End-Positive
World of Origin	Roshar
Universe	Cosmere

Revision as of 06:44, 18 January 2020

Surgebinding is a prime manifestation of Investiture on Roshar. Surgebinders can manipulate ten fundamental forces locally known as Surges, with each Surgebinder having access to two of the Surges with overlap between them, by infusing objects or beings with Stormlight.^[1]^[2] Each Surgebinder's Surges come in a set combination, for example, it is possible to have the Surges of Progression and Illumination or Progression and Abrasion, but not Progression and Gravitation.

Prerequisites

Nahel bond
Order	Spren	Attribute	Surges
Windrunners	Honorspren	Protecting/ Leading	Adhesion	Gravitation
Skybreakers	Highspren	Just/ Confident	Gravitation	Division
Dustbringers	Ashspren	Brave/ Obedient	Division	Abrasion
Edgedancers	Cultivationspren	Loving/ Healing	Abrasion	Progression
Truthwatchers	Unknown	Learned/ Giving	Progression	Illumination
Lightweavers	Cryptic (Liespren)	Creative/ Honest	Illumination	Transformation
Elsecallers	Inkspren	Wise/ Careful	Transformation	Transportation
Willshapers	Lightspren (Reachers)	Resolute/ Builder	Transportation	Cohesion
Stonewards	Unknown	Dependable/ Resourceful	Cohesion	Tension
Bondsmiths	The Stormfather,^[3] Nightwatcher,^[4] and their sibling	Pious/ Guiding	Tension	Adhesion

Becoming a Surgebinder

Surgebinding is not innate to Rosharans, and can be gained in two ways. Originally the abilities were only granted to the Heralds by the Almighty in the form of Honorblades. Later, spren figured out how the Almighty granted these abilities, and started giving them to humans by forming a Spiritual bond called the Nahel bond with them.

The exact powers that someone can wield depend on the specific Honorblade/Nahel bond.^[5] It is unknown if the powers granted by an Honorblade are identical to those granted by the corresponding bond.

Honorblade

For more information, see Honorblade.

Honorblades are the ten Shardblades that the Almighty originally gave the Heralds. Each of these Blades gives its wielder the ability to manipulate two Surges just like the Nahel bond, Jezrien's Blade giving Adhesion and Gravitation, and so on. They can be wielded by anyone, and they do not require the safeguards the spren do to avoid people abusing these powers. Honorblades consume far more Stormlight than the Nahel bond, in fact a dangerous amount to the wielder. They also do not grant the additional abilities of the Nahel bond, and their wielders cannot heal Shardblade wounds with Stormlight.^[6]^[7]

Nahel Bond

For more information, see Nahel bond.

The Nahel bond is a symbiotic relationship between humans and spren, through which the human gains Surgebinding powers and the spren gains sapience in the Physical Realm.^[8] The spren choose the people they bond with according to the actions and personalities of those people.^[9] There are ten types of spren that bond with humans—each granting access to two of the ten Surges, with overlap between them—and each of these types are attracted to different attributes in their bondmates.^[10]

Once the bond is established, the spren is pulled into the Physical Realm, although they retain very little of their intelligence and memories and act very much like the lesser spren until the bond grows stronger.^[11] The strengthening of the bond is accomplished by the Surgebinder continuing to act in line with the attributes that attracted the spren in the first place, and swearing oaths that are related to those attributes once they are ready.^[12] As the bond grows stronger, the spren regain their sapience, and the effectiveness of the Stormlight for the Surgebinder increases. Once the bond is at sufficient strength, the spren can manifest as a Shardblade,^[13] and the eye color of the Surgebinder changes into the color their spren is associated with.^[7]

If the Surgebinder acts in a manner conflicting with their oaths, the bond grows weaker until, eventually, the spren "breaks" and is trapped in an agony cycle after having a significant portion of its consciousness ripped out of it,^[14] and the bondmate loses their Surgebinding powers.^[15] If the spren "breaks" while in Shardblade form, it reverts to its basic sword form,^[16] and can be temporarily revived by being linked to the heartbeat of a person to be used. The spren do not "unbreak" on their own,^[8] but can be brought back to life if their bondmates takes up their oaths again.^[13] It is technically possible, but extremely difficult, for a spren to be healed without their bondmate.^[14] The Surgebinder dying without betraying his oaths is a very traumatic event for the spren, but it does not cause them to be broken.^[17]

Stormlight

Surgebinding requires constant Stormlight as a fuel source, which the Surgebinder can draw by breathing in.^[18] While it is possible to draw the Stormlight from any source infused with it, including directly from the highstorms themselves, the common practice is to use gemstones that have already been infused by the highstorms. Human bodies are imperfect containers for the Stormlight, so the Stormlight leaves the Surgebinder's body over time, giving the Surgebinder a glowing effect with luminescent white vapor rising from the skin. Breathing out accelerates this leaving, but Stormlight substitutes for oxygen so the Surgebinder does not need to breathe.^[6] The more Stormlight the Surgebinder holds, the faster it leaks out of the body.^[19] If holding a small amount of Stormlight, Surgebinders are able to breathe in and suppress the glowing effect.^[20] While doing this, they are able to talk without puffing out Stormlight.^[21]

In addition to being fuel for Surgebinding, Stormlight also increases the physical capabilities of the Surgebinder's body far beyond regular human levels. The Surgebinder gains superhuman strength, speed, endurance, stamina, and healing of both body and soul. They can survive falls hundreds of feet, and stand up right away, the damage immediately being healed by Stormlight. Almost any kind of injury can be healed, including bad eyesight, scar tissues, or Spiritual damage done by a Shardblade.^[22] This healing is based upon the Cognitive identity of the Surgebinder, as such if a soldier sees the scars on his body, for example, as a part of his self, Stormlight does not heal those scars.^[23]

While inside the body, the Stormlight produces an intense adrenaline-like effect, urging the Surgebinder to action and motion, which may result in recklessness if the Surgebinder is not careful. It gives great energy, but when the Surgebinder runs out of Stormlight, they are left exhausted and feeling deflated similar to a pewter drag by a Pewterarm.^[24]

Surges

Adhesion	Gravitation	Division	Abrasion	Progression	Illumination	Transformation	Transportation	Cohesion	Tension

Adhesion

The Surge of Adhesion can be manipulated to bind things together.^[25] The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Bondsmiths and the Windrunners.

Full Lashing: This ability creates an extremely powerful temporary bond between two objects. To use this ability, the Surgebinder infuses a surface with Stormlight, after which any object or person that comes in contact with the surface will be bound to it. Full Lashing does not necessarily require skin contact; surfaces can be infused by "spraying" the Stormlight onto them.^[6] Most objects would break apart themselves before the bond holding them would.^[25] The duration of this bond is determined by the amount of Stormlight infused. The bond ends when the Stormlight runs out. A Full Lashing can be powerful enough to bend the path of bullets.^[26] Someone wearing Shardplate is immune to Lashings, but any objects that they are touching can be affected.^[27] The bond also attracts bindspren.^[28]

Spiritual Adhesion: Using the Surge of Adhesion to manipulate spiritual, rather than purely physical forces, a Bondsmith can touch another person and forge a spiritual Connection between them. This allows the Bondsmith to temporarily speak whatever languages this other person can speak.^[29] Whether the Bondsmith must remain physically close to this other person for the ability to be continually used is unknown. The ability lasts for longer than a few hours, but not days.^[30] The ability has other Connection implications, but it is unable to pick up other people's abilities.^[31]

Gravitation

The Surge of Gravitation can be manipulated to change the direction and strength of an object's gravitational attraction.^[25] The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Windrunners and the Skybreakers.

Basic Lashing: This ability alters an object's or being's spiritual gravitational bond to the planet below, instead temporarily linking it to a different object or direction. It allows the Surgebinder to run up walls, or send objects or people flying off into the air. Lashings only affects gravitational pull and not mass, so different things with different masses will still fall at the same speed.^[32] Lashings can only send something in a particular direction and can not be locked into following an object.^[33] Lashing can also affect liquids.^[34] Surgebinders can rotate themselves in the air using wind resistance,^[35] and can also lessen the force of the wind while flying.^[36] Taking sharp turns while Lashing can cause the Surgebinder to black out.^[37]^[38] When Lashing multiple objects or beings at a time, it is possible to create a sort of channel around the group, which will keep them close together.^[36] Basic Lashing requires skin contact if the Surgebinder is trying to infuse an external object or being.^[39] Basic Lashing continually consumes the Stormlight with which the object is infused until the object runs out of Stormlight or the Surgebinder dismisses their Lashing; so the length of Basic Lashing is dependent on the amount of Stormlight used.^[40] Advanced users of Basic Lashing can employ partial Lashings—a half Lashing upward, for example, would make the Surgebinder effectively weightless, while a quarter Lashing would halve the person's weight.^[41] It is also possible to use multiple Basic Lashings simultaneously so that the infused object or being will be pulled toward different directions at once or pulled toward a single direction but stronger than gravity normally would.^[42]

“"How?" Shallan asked. "You'll fly the entire distance?"
"Fall," Kaladin said. "But yes" ”
—^[3]

Reverse Lashing: Using this ability, a Windrunner creates a bubble around a surface that imitates its spiritual link to the ground beneath it. In effect, this makes the infused object pull other objects towards itself. It is much harder for Reverse Lashing to affect objects touching the ground, where their link to the planet is strongest. Objects falling or in flight are the easiest to influence. Other objects can be affected, but the Stormlight and skill required are much more substantial. This ability is believed to be a specialized version of Basic Lashing.^[25] Reverse Lashing requires constant skin contact for it to work, though it consumes comparatively little Stormlight.^[6]

Division

The Surge of Division can be manipulated to have power over destruction and decay.^[25] The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Dustbringers and the Skybreakers.

Decay: Using the Surge of Division, the Surgebinder can touch an object and cause it to burn, turn to dust, or decay in other ways. The Surgebinder can exercise significant control, such as to burn a pattern into a piece of wood. It can also be used on humans.^[43] This splits the molecular bonds of the object the Surge is used on, but not the atoms themselves.^[44] It is likely to have the ability to ignite objects.^[45] Decay can be used to create types of sculptures, such as adding color when burning objects or grayscaling them.^[46]

Abrasion

The Surge of Abrasion can be manipulated to alter the frictional force between two surfaces.^[25] The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Dustbringers and the Edgedancers.

Slicking: This ability allows the Surgebinder to make their body frictionless. The Surgebinder can choose which parts of the body are affected and which parts are not. For example, the bottom of the feet can be infused so that the Surgebinder glides over any surface without losing momentum until the ability is suspended.^[47] Wind friction can also be affected. However, this would not reduce the force of direct collisions.^[48] It was described as having some resemblance to ice skating.^[49] Slicking can also be used to have sounds slide off of the Surgebinder.^[50] Slicking can also use this to escape any grasp, or grip the slickest walls.^[49]^[50] Slicking can also be applied to objects and made so only the Surgebinder can grip the object without it slipping.^[49]

Progression

The Surge of Progression can be manipulated to alter the growth and healing of organisms.^[25] The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Edgedancers and the Truthwatchers.

Growth: This ability accelerates organic growth to tremendous speeds. The Surgebinder can infuse the seeds to a plant with Stormlight through skin contact, and in seconds, it will become fully developed. It is unknown if this ability only works on plants.^[47]

Regrowth: This ability heals the damage done to the body and the soul of a person instantly and without any scarring. The flesh, muscle, or bones can be completely regrown rapidly. The body can be refreshed and rid of fatigue.^[51] The Surgebinder can even reverse death with Regrowth; a body that has bled out or a soul that has been severed with a Shardblade can be healed with Regrowth and continue to function as if it has never been damaged.^[47] However, once the soul leaves the body and reaches the afterlife, it is impossible for the Surgebinder to revive the person.^[52] This ability may also fail to heal injuries that are too old.^[53]
- Surge Fabrial: A Surge Fabrial is able to mimic the Radiant ability of Regrowth. Ancient Radiants possessed fabrials constructed from a large topaz and heliodor that were able to "regrow" and repair injuries through manipulating the Surge of Progression.^[51] In the present day, they have been lost; however, the Herald Nale possesses one capable of bringing someone back from the brink of death.^[52]

Illumination

For more information about the original Yolish variant of this ability, see Lightweaving.

The Surge of Illumination can be manipulated to create auditory and visual illusions.^[25] The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Lightweavers and the Truthwatchers.

Lightweaving: This ability creates visual and auditory illusions. The illusion is based upon not just what the Surgebinder imagines, but also desires to create, requiring both a mental picturing of and a Spiritual connection to the intended creation.^[25] Once the creation is shaped, the Surgebinder breathes out a cloud of Stormlight to form the illusion.^[54] The illusion can be created anywhere, but requires a constant source of Stormlight, so the Surgebinder—or a being the Surgebinder is Spiritually linked to—needs to keep in proximity to it. Because the illusion automatically feeds off of the Surgebinder, the glowing effect common to the Surgebinders as the Stormlight leaks out of their bodies does not happen, and instead is fed to the illusion. Unless the Surgebinder intentionally dissolves the illusion, it will stay active until the Surgebinder runs out of Stormlight or leaves the proximity of the illusion. It is possible for the Surgebinder to attach the illusion to themself, as well as a being they are Spiritually linked to such as the spren that forms the Nahel bond, so that the illusion automatically follows the movements of the being to which it is attached. This way, an illusion of disguise, for example, that the Surgebinder attached to themselves would mimic the facial expressions of the Surgebinder and adapt to the clothing or the accessories they are wearing.^[55] Experienced practitioners of this art can also attach the illusion to an object that is infused with Stormlight, for example a sphere.^[56] The illusory image has no substance to it, and if an object physically passes through the illusion, the image temporarily fuzzes to Stormlight until it is reestablished once the object withdraws.^[57] Light itself does not pass through the illusion; if the Surgebinder wants to be able to see the outside while hiding inside the illusion, they must put holes to see on the image. The amount of Stormlight the illusion requires depends on the complexity of it.^[58]
- Interactions with Yolish Lightweaving: Rosharan Lightweaving is much more restrictive than the earlier Yolish variant,^[59] as it requires a spren or Stormlight to function.^[60] Yolish Lightweaving does not always seem to function perfectly on Roshar,^[61] and Yolish Lightweavers may need help from Rosharan Lightweavers to fully craft an illusion.^[62] A Yolish Lightweaver is able to guide a Rosharan Lightweaver's power.^[61] Gaining Rosharan Lightweaving allows for some supplemental ability with Yolish Lightweaving,^[63] and could allow Yolish Lightweavers to overcome the issue of crafting illusions on Roshar, although further impacts or resonances between the two are unknown.^[64] Rosharan Lightweaving has a compounding effect with Yolish Lightweaving, and likely allows Yolish Lightweavers to circumvent the problems they can experience with Yolish Lightweaving.^[63]

Transformation

For more information, see Soulcasting.

The Surge of Transformation can be manipulated to change an object into one of the ten essences.^[25] The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Elsecallers and the Lightweavers.

Soulcasting: This ability transforms any material into one of the Surgebinder's choice. To Soulcast, the Surgebinder shifts their perception to see into the Cognitive Realm, and communicates with the Cognitive aspect of the object they want to transform. Not every object is inclined to change, depending on how the object is seen by the sentient species and how it sees itself, so the Surgebinder may need to negotiate with it. Once the object is convinced into changing, the Surgebinder infuses it with Stormlight, and the transformation process takes place instantaneously.^[54] It is technically possible for the Surgebinder to transform anything into anything else, but transforming something into the pure form of an Essence is the easiest to accomplish, while transforming the object into something unfamiliar is a lot harder.^[65] A major limitation of Soulcasting is the knowledge of the end material - while a Surgebinder could Soulcast matter into radioactive particles such as plutonium, modern-day Rosharans are unaware of its existence and nature.^[66] It is possible to transfer a Soulcasting from one material to another, like a disease, without the Soulcaster directly Soulcasting them.^[67] It is unknown if objects can transfer a Soulcasting into a different material than what they turned into or if they can only transfer a Soulcasting to the same type of object they are. Soulcasting requires the corresponding gemstone for the Essence the Surgebinder is trying to transform into, so Soulcasting something into blood, for example, requires an infused garnet.^[68] Draining the Stormlight from the gemstone can sometimes shatter the gemstone; the larger the gemstone the less likely it is for that to happen.^[69] The object's mass is conserved through the Soulcasting process.^[70] It may not be possible to create gemstones with Soulcasting.^[71] Moreover, when Soulcasting, both Surgebinders and fabrial users are limited by the types of gems available to them.^[68] While the chemical composition of the gemstone is important, its color is paramount, with every color of a gemstone corresponding to one of the Ten Essences.^[72] A gemstone that has been bleached of color - for example, by Awakening - would either work very poorly, or not work at all.^[73] By contrast, within a highstorm, a Surgebinder can create almost anything.^[74] The target of Soulcasting can be both an inanimate item and a person, although a person will present greater difficulty, due to the innate Investiture they hold.^[75]^[76] Both highly-Invested people, like Knights Radiant or Mistborn, and natural Investiture blockers, like aluminium or Shardplate, will resist Soulcasting.^[76]^[77] Likewise, Soulcasting cannot create materials that are naturally Invested, such as god metals.^[78] Aluminium, however, can be created via Soulcasting.^[79] Soulcasting can be done in the Cognitive Realm of Roshar to create objects out of the beads there.^[80] Finding the soul of an object in the Physical Realm, the Surgebinder can form the object out of surrounding beads, such as a door or a shield. The object will have density and can hold people’s weight. Once a Surgebinder releases control of the beads, they will disperse into individual beads again. It is also possible to Soulcast a bead into its physical object while in the Cognitive Realm.^[50]^[81] Beads turned into their physical forms will eventually turn back into beads.^[50]
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- Surge Fabrial: A Surge Fabrial is able to mimic the Radiant ability of Soulcasting.^[65] A Soulcaster fabrial consists of two rings and a bracelet connected by chains which hold a group of three gemstones across the back of the hand. Most are only able to effect small, singular changes, such as turning stone into water, while about one in ten can affect any change.^[70] They can be activated by tapping one of the three gemstones when holding the hand against what is to be changed.^[82] When Soulcasting, the fabrial draws Stormlight from the corresponding gemstone. What Essences the Soulcaster can use is referred to as the Soulcaster's modes.^[83] This being said, Soulcasters capable of using all three modes are rare, and a vast majority can only utilize one.^[70] Soulcasters with access to the same Essence can work together to Soulcast objects of greater size.^[84]
- Savantism: Long-term use of Soulcasting, whether via Surgebinding or a fabrial, can lead to the user becoming a savant, transforming slowly into the essence they frequently transform other objects into.^[85] The effects of savanthood are much less pronounced for Surgebinders compared to fabrial users, and can take a different path in their manifestation, due to the Nahel bond.^[86] This process is different from simply having transformed a portion of oneself accidentally.^[83] Some Soulcaster ardents on the Shattered Plains developed crystalline eyes and stone-like skin with cracks.^[84] Another ardent in Kholinar appears as if there are vines growing under her skin and poking out from her eyes.^[87] Kaza slowly became smoke in places, to the point where she had a hole in her cheek leaking smoke. Her hair, ears and fingers had also started to transform. The personality of the Soulcaster might also be affected, as Kaza felt drawn to become smoke with the objects she transforms, and began to lose normal human emotional responses.^[83]

Transportation

The Surge of Transportation can be manipulated to achieve realmatic transition.^[25] The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Elsecallers and the Willshapers.

Elsecalling: This ability allows the Surgebinder to travel in between Realms. Doing this creates a miniature perpendicularity.^[88] A circular wall of Stormlight can be seen briefly at the target location before the Surgebinder arrives.^[89] The Surgebinder can also bring other beings and objects with them while transporting themselves.^[90] This allows many Surgebinders with Transportation the ability to worldhop.^[91] It is much harder to leave the Cognitive Realm than it is to enter it. The Surgebinder needs to find a point where the Physical and Cognitive Realm touch to leave.^[92]^[93]
- Surge Fabrial: A Surge Fabrial is able to mimic the Radiant ability of Transportation. These fabrials are called Oathgates and and allow the user to transport anything on top of the platform and in the control chamber between Oathgates in an instant. However, as far as is known, they function in pairs - an Oathgate in Urithiru only connects to one Oathgate outside, and the Oathgate outside only connects to one Oathgate in Urithiru. They can only be activated by living Shardblades, as wielded by the Knights Radiant.^[94] Transportation of more than one person through them requires use of more Stormlight.^[7]

Cohesion

Also called the Surge of Strong Axial Interconnection,^[25] the Surge of Cohesion can be manipulated to alter objects at a molecular level.^[95] This allows the user to alter the shape of solid objects. The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this surge are the Willshapers and the Stonewards. This ability can be used to reshape solid objects like stone, but not flesh. Surgebinders are able to grab matter and stretch it, altering the object. The power is described as the whole world being clay for them. Cohesion is highly resisted by Investiture and even a small amount of Stormlight in an object would prevent it from working.^[96]

Tension

Also called the Surge of Soft Axial Interconnection, the Surge of Tension can be manipulated to alter the stiffness of an object,^[25] such as taking something flexible and making it rigid.^[97] The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Stonewards and the Bondsmiths.

For Bondsmiths, the use of this surge is different from the Stonewards. While Stonewards use this ability to shape stone in battle, Bondsmiths use it to repair inanimate objects as a complement to the Surge of Adhesion. ^[98] Tension is highly resisted by Investiture and even a small amount of Stormlight in an object would prevent it from working.^[96]

Known Surgebinders

For more information, see :Category: Surgebinders.

Shallan Davar (bonded to Pattern)
Kaladin (bonded to Sylphrena)
Dalinar Kholin (bonded to the Stormfather)
Jasnah Kholin (bonded to Ivory)
Renarin Kholin (bonded to Glys)
Lift (bonded to Wyndle)
Lopen (bonded to Rua)
Drehy (bonded to an unknown honorspren)
Nale (bonded to an unknown highspren)
Malata (bonded to Spark)
Szeth (bonded to an unknown highspren)
Teft (bonded to an unknown honorspren)
Venli (bonded to Timbre)
Ym (bonded to an unknown Truthwatcher spren)
Ki (bonded to Winnow)
Warren (bonded to an unknown highspren)
Hoid (bonded to an unknown cryptic)

Knights Radiant

For more information, see Knights Radiant.

Knights Radiant are an organization of Surgebinders with the Nahel bond who live by the Immortal Words. They are comprised of ten different orders, with each order consisting of Surgebinders who have access to the same two Surges.

Notes

This article is still missing information. Please help The Coppermind by expanding it.

The Stormlight Archive (Roshar) The Way of Kings · Words of Radiance · Oathbringer · Rhythm of War (Edgedancer · Dawnshard)
Major Characters	Kaladin · Shallan · Dalinar · Eshonai · Venli · Szeth · Adolin · Renarin · Jasnah · Navani · Lift · Moash · Taravangian · Taln
Spren	Syl · Pattern · Wyndle · Glys · Ivory · Timbre · Mayalaran · Stormfather · Nightwatcher · Sibling · Sja-anat
Knights Radiant	Windrunners · Skybreakers · Dustbringers · Edgedancers · Truthwatchers · Lightweavers · Elsecallers · Willshapers · Stonewards · Bondsmiths
Voidbringers	Fused · Regals · Voidspren · Unmade · Thunderclasts
Shards	Honor · Cultivation · Odium
Magic	Highstorms · Everstorm · Lights (Stormlight · Voidlight) · Surgebinding · Voidbinding · Fabrials · Shardblades · Shardplate · Oathgate · Old Magic · Dawnshard
Lifeforms	Singers · Sleepless · Siah Aimians · Ryshadium · Larkin · Chasmfiends · Greatshells
Locations	Aimia · Alethkar · Azir · Emul · Iri · Jah Keved · Kharbranth · Shinovar · Thaylenah · Urithiru · Horneater Peaks · Purelake · Shadesmar · Shattered Plains
Culture	Lighteyes · Darkeyes · Vorinism · Ardents · Spheres · Glyphs · Women's script · Dawnchant
Groups	Bridge Four · Listeners · Heralds · Highprinces · Ghostbloods · The Diagram · Sons of Honor
History	Expulsion · Desolations · Oathpact · Last Desolation · False Desolation · Day of Recreance · Hierocracy · War of Reckoning · True Desolation

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— Arcanum - 2018-10-27Cite: Arcanum-11424#

[Arcanum-5907-32] Shadows of Self release party
— Arcanum - 2015-10-05Cite: Arcanum-5907#

[Arcanum-3848-33] Stormlight Three Update #5
— Arcanum - 2016-11-19Cite: Arcanum-3848#

[Arcanum-5140-34] Calamity Seattle signing
— Arcanum - 2016-02-17Cite: Arcanum-5140#

[Arcanum-8250-35] Oathbringer release party
— Arcanum - 2017-11-13Cite: Arcanum-8250#

[Oathbringer-60-chapter-36] Oathbringer chapter 60Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_60#

[Arcanum-10357-37] General Reddit 2018
— Arcanum - 2018-06-06Cite: Arcanum-10357#

[Oathbringer-116-chapter-38] Oathbringer chapter 116Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_116#

[Words_of_Radiance-85-chapter-39] Words of Radiance chapter 85Summary: Words of Radiance/Chapter_85#

[Words_of_Radiance-41-chapter-40] Words of Radiance chapter 41Summary: Words of Radiance/Chapter_41#

[The_Way_of_Kings-ars-41] The Way of Kings Ars ArcanumSummary: The Way of Kings/Ars Arcanum#

[Words_of_Radiance-52-chapter-42] Words of Radiance chapter 52Summary: Words of Radiance/Chapter_52#

[Oathbringer-107-chapter-43] Oathbringer chapter 107Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_107#

[Arcanum-3308-44] Leipzig Book Fair
— Arcanum - 2017-03-24Cite: Arcanum-3308#

[The_Stormlight_Archive-prelude-45] Prelude to the Stormlight ArchiveSummary: The Stormlight Archive/Prelude#

[Arcanum-12226-46] Idaho Falls signing
— Arcanum - 2018-12-29Cite: Arcanum-12226#

[Words_of_Radiance-i-9-47] Words of Radiance interlude I-9#

[Edgedancer_.28novella.29-1-chapter-48] Edgedancer chapter 1Summary: Edgedancer/Chapter_1#

[Oathbringer-120-chapter-49] Oathbringer chapter 120Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_120#

[Oathbringer-117-chapter-50] Oathbringer chapter 117Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_117#

[The_Way_of_Kings-19-chapter-51] The Way of Kings chapter 19Summary: The Way of Kings/Chapter_19#

[Words_of_Radiance-88-chapter-52] Words of Radiance chapter 88Summary: Words of Radiance/Chapter_88#

[Oathbringer-Interlude-13-53] Oathbringer interlude I-13Summary: Oathbringer/Interlude_I-13#

[Words_of_Radiance-7-chapter-54] Words of Radiance chapter 7Summary: Words of Radiance/Chapter_7#

[Words_of_Radiance-60-chapter-55] Words of Radiance chapter 60Summary: Words of Radiance/Chapter_60#

[Oathbringer-51-chapter-56] Oathbringer chapter 51Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_51#

[Words_of_Radiance-42-chapter-57] Words of Radiance chapter 42Summary: Words of Radiance/Chapter_42#

[Words_of_Radiance-54-chapter-58] Words of Radiance chapter 54Summary: Words of Radiance/Chapter_54#

[Words_of_Radiance-45-chapter-59] Words of Radiance chapter 45Summary: Words of Radiance/Chapter_45#

[Arcanum-8909-60] Orem signing
— Arcanum - 2017-12-21Cite: Arcanum-8909#

[Arcanum-9346-61] Emerald City Comic Con 2018
— Arcanum - 2018-03-01Cite: Arcanum-9346#

[Oathbringer-82-chapter-62] Oathbringer chapter 82Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_82#

[Arcanum-8473-63] Oathbringer Chicago signing
— Arcanum - 2017-11-21Cite: Arcanum-8473#

[Arcanum-8664-64] Oathbringer London signing
— Arcanum - 2017-11-28Cite: Arcanum-8664#

[The_Way_of_Kings-72-chapter-65] The Way of Kings chapter 72Summary: The Way of Kings/Chapter_72#

[Arcanum-3811-66] Stormlight Three Update #4
— Arcanum - 2016-10-19Cite: Arcanum-3811#

[Oathbringer-119-chapter-67] Oathbringer chapter 119Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_119#

[Arcanum-2784-68] The Rithmatist signing Albuquerque
— Arcanum - 2013-05-22Cite: Arcanum-2784#

[The_Way_of_Kings-15-chapter-69] The Way of Kings chapter 15Summary: The Way of Kings/Chapter_15#

[The_Way_of_Kings-5-chapter-70] The Way of Kings chapter 5Summary: The Way of Kings/Chapter_5#

[The_Way_of_Kings-33-chapter-71] The Way of Kings chapter 33Summary: The Way of Kings/Chapter_33#

[Oathbringer-ars-72] Oathbringer Ars ArcanumSummary: Oathbringer/Ars Arcanum#

[Arcanum-4080-73] /r/fantasy AMA 2013
— Arcanum - 2013-04-15Cite: Arcanum-4080#

[Arcanum-12723-74] Stuttgart signing
— Arcanum - 2019-05-17Cite: Arcanum-12723#

[The_Way_of_Kings-36-chapter-75] The Way of Kings chapter 36Summary: The Way of Kings/Chapter_36#

[Arcanum-2675-76] OdysseyCon 2016
— Arcanum - 2016-04-08Cite: Arcanum-2675#

[Arcanum-9599-77] JordanCon 2018
— Arcanum - 2018-04-21Cite: Arcanum-9599#

[Arcanum-2661-78] General Signed Books 2014
— Arcanum - 2014-04-29Cite: Arcanum-2661#

[Arcanum-8306-79] Oathbringer release party
— Arcanum - 2017-11-13Cite: Arcanum-8306#

[Oathbringer-89-chapter-80] Oathbringer chapter 89Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_89#

[Oathbringer-108-chapter-81] Oathbringer chapter 108Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_108#

[The_Way_of_Kings-42-chapter-82] The Way of Kings chapter 42Summary: The Way of Kings/Chapter_42#

[Oathbringer-i-4-83] Oathbringer interlude I-4Summary: Oathbringer/Interlude_I-4#

[Words_of_Radiance-35-chapter-84] Words of Radiance chapter 35Summary: Words of Radiance/Chapter_35#

[Arcanum-1557-85] Arcanum Unbounded signing Chicago
— Arcanum - 2016-12-06Cite: Arcanum-1557#

[Arcanum-8742-86] Oathbringer signing Leeds
— Arcanum - 2017-12-01Cite: Arcanum-8742#

[Oathbringer-81-chapter-87] Oathbringer chapter 81Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_81#

[Arcanum-1525-88] Arcanum Unbounded Chicago signing
— Arcanum - 2016-12-06Cite: Arcanum-1525#

[Words_of_Radiance-epilogue-chapter-89] Words of Radiance epilogueSummary: Words of Radiance/Epilogue#

[Words_of_Radiance-chapter-53-epigraph-90] Words of Radiance chapter 53 epigraph#

[Arcanum-655-91] Minicon 2015
— Arcanum - 2015-04-02Cite: Arcanum-655#

[Arcanum-5758-92] White Sand vol.1 release party
— Arcanum - 2016-06-28Cite: Arcanum-5758#

[Oathbringer-33-chapter-93] Oathbringer chapter 33Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_33#

[Words_of_Radiance-86-chapter-94] Words of Radiance chapter 86Summary: Words of Radiance/Chapter_86#

[Arcanum-6061-95] Words of Radiance Seattle signing
— Arcanum - 2014-03-08Cite: Arcanum-6061#

[Arcanum-9422-96] Orem signing
— Arcanum - 2018-03-10Cite: Arcanum-9422#

[Arcanum-7843-97] Words of Radiance Omaha signing
— Arcanum - 2014-03-13Cite: Arcanum-7843#

[Oathbringer-59-chapter-98] Oathbringer chapter 59Summary: Oathbringer/Chapter_59#

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@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 |prereq=One's actions
 |type=End-Positive
+|universe=[[Cosmere]]
 |books=[[The Stormlight Archive]]
+}}
-}}{{spoilers|book=sa3}}
-'''Surgebinding''' is a prime manifestation of [[Investiture]] on [[Roshar]]. The Surgebinder can manipulate ten fundamental forces locally known as [[Surge]]s, with each Surgebinder having access to two of the Surges with overlap between them, by infusing objects or beings with [[Stormlight]].{{qa ref|428|21}}{{qa ref|585|5}}
+'''Surgebinding''' is a prime manifestation of [[Investiture]] on [[Roshar]]. Surgebinders can manipulate ten fundamental forces locally known as [[Surge]]s, with each Surgebinder having access to two of the Surges with overlap between them, by infusing objects or beings with [[Stormlight]].{{wob ref|4515}}{{wob ref|7663}} Each Surgebinder's Surges come in a set combination, for example, it is possible to have the Surges of Progression and Illumination or Progression and Abrasion, but not Progression and Gravitation.
 == Prerequisites ==
@@ Line 24: / Line 25: @@
 {{/row|Edgedancers | Abrasion | Progression |[[Cultivationspren]]|Loving/ Healing}}
 {{/row|Truthwatchers| Progression | Illumination |Unknown|Learned/ Giving }}
-{{/row|Lightweavers | Illumination | Transformation |[[Cryptic]] (Truthspren)|Creative/ Honest}}
+{{/row|Lightweavers | Illumination | Transformation |[[Cryptic]] (Liespren)|Creative/ Honest}}
 {{/row|Elsecallers | Transformation | Transportation |[[Inkspren]]|Wise/ Careful}}
-{{/row|Willshapers | Transportation | Cohesion | [[Lightspren]]|Resolute/ Builder }}
+{{/row|Willshapers | Transportation | Cohesion | [[Lightspren]] (Reachers)|Resolute/ Builder }}
-{{/row|Stonewards | Cohesion | Tension | Unknown |Dependable/ Recourceful }}
+{{/row|Stonewards | Cohesion | Tension | Unknown |Dependable/ Resourceful }}
 {{/row|Bondsmiths | Tension | Adhesion | The [[Stormfather]],{{book ref|sa2|89}} [[Nightwatcher]],{{book ref|sa3|111}} and their [[Sibling|sibling]]|Pious/ Guiding}}
 |}
@@ Line 34: / Line 35: @@
 Surgebinding is not innate to Rosharans, and can be gained in two ways. Originally the abilities were only granted to the [[Herald]]s by the [[Almighty]] in the form of Honorblades. Later, [[spren]] figured out how the Almighty granted these abilities, and started giving them to humans by forming a Spiritual bond called the [[Nahel bond]] with them.
-Although there are two Honorblades and two Nahel bonds that give access to a single Surge, for at least some Surges, the exact powers that someone can wield depend on the specific Honorblade/Nahel bond.{{book ref|sa3|38}} It is unknown if the powers granted by an Honorblade are identical to those granted by the corresponding bond.
+The exact powers that someone can wield depend on the specific Honorblade/Nahel bond.{{book ref|sa3|38}} It is unknown if the powers granted by an Honorblade are identical to those granted by the corresponding bond.
 ==== Honorblade ====
@@ Line 42: / Line 43: @@
 ==== Nahel Bond ====
 {{for|Nahel bond}}
-The '''Nahel bond''' is a symbiotic relationship between humans and spren, through which the human gains Surgebinding powers and the spren gains sapience in the [[Physical Realm]].{{book ref|sa2|17}} The spren choose the people they bond with according to the actions and personalities of those people.{{17s ref|post|116818}} There are ten types of spren that bond with humans—each granting access to two of the ten Surges, with overlap between them—and each of these types are attracted to different attributes in their bondmates.{{book ref|sa2|1}}
+The '''Nahel bond''' is a symbiotic relationship between humans and spren, through which the human gains Surgebinding powers and the spren gains sapience in the [[Physical Realm]].{{book ref|sa2|17}} The spren choose the people they bond with according to the actions and personalities of those people.{{wob ref|6651}} There are ten types of spren that bond with humans—each granting access to two of the ten Surges, with overlap between them—and each of these types are attracted to different attributes in their bondmates.{{book ref|sa2|1}}
 Once the bond is established, the spren is pulled into the Physical Realm, although they retain very little of their intelligence and memories and act very much like the lesser spren until the bond grows stronger.{{book ref|sa2|3}} The strengthening of the bond is accomplished by the Surgebinder continuing to act in line with the attributes that attracted the spren in the first place, and swearing [[Immortal Words|oaths]] that are related to those attributes once they are ready.{{book ref|sa1|67}} As the bond grows stronger, the spren regain their sapience, and the effectiveness of the Stormlight for the Surgebinder increases. Once the bond is at sufficient strength, the spren can manifest as a [[Shardblade]],{{book ref|sa2|84}} and the eye color of the Surgebinder changes into the color their spren is associated with.{{book ref|sa2|87}}
-If the Surgebinder acts in a manner conflicting with their oaths, the bond grows weaker until, eventually, the spren "breaks" and is trapped in an agony cycle after having a significant portion of its consciousness ripped out of it,{{17s ref|post|107770}} and the bondmate loses their Surgebinding powers.{{book ref|sa2|69}} If the spren "breaks" while in Shardblade form, it reverts to its basic sword form,{{17s ref|post|110173}} and can be temporarily revived by being linked to the heartbeat of a person to be used. The spren do not "unbreak" on their own,{{book ref|sa2|17}} but can be brought back to life if their bondmates takes up their oaths again.{{book ref|sa2|84}} It is technically possible, but extremely difficult, for a spren to be healed without their bondmate.{{17s ref|post|107770}} The Surgebinder dying without betraying his oaths is a very traumatic event for the spren, but it does not cause them to be broken.{{17s ref|post|116818}}
+If the Surgebinder acts in a manner conflicting with their oaths, the bond grows weaker until, eventually, the spren "breaks" and is trapped in an agony cycle after having a significant portion of its consciousness ripped out of it,{{wob ref|6053}} and the bondmate loses their Surgebinding powers.{{book ref|sa2|69}} If the spren "breaks" while in Shardblade form, it reverts to its basic sword form,{{wob ref|5619}} and can be temporarily revived by being linked to the heartbeat of a person to be used. The spren do not "unbreak" on their own,{{book ref|sa2|17}} but can be brought back to life if their bondmates takes up their oaths again.{{book ref|sa2|84}} It is technically possible, but extremely difficult, for a spren to be healed without their bondmate.{{wob ref|6053}} The Surgebinder dying without betraying his oaths is a very traumatic event for the spren, but it does not cause them to be broken.{{wob ref|6688}}
 === Stormlight ===
-Surgebinding requires constant Stormlight as a fuel source, which the Surgebinder can draw by breathing in.{{book ref|sa2|59}} While it is possible to draw the Stormlight from any source infused with it, including directly from the [[highstorm]]s themselves, the common practice is to use [[spheres|gemstone]]s that have already been infused by the highstorms. Human bodies are imperfect containers for the Stormlight, so the Stormlight leaves the Surgebinder's body over time, giving him a glowing effect with luminescent white vapor. Breathing out accelerates this leaving, but Stormlight substitutes for oxygen so the Surgebinder does not need to breathe.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} The more Stormlight the Surgebinder holds, the faster it leaks out of the body.{{book ref|sa2|2}}
+Surgebinding requires constant Stormlight as a fuel source, which the Surgebinder can draw by breathing in.{{book ref|sa2|59}} While it is possible to draw the Stormlight from any source infused with it, including directly from the [[highstorm]]s themselves, the common practice is to use [[spheres|gemstone]]s that have already been infused by the highstorms. Human bodies are imperfect containers for the Stormlight, so the Stormlight leaves the Surgebinder's body over time, giving the Surgebinder a glowing effect with luminescent white vapor rising from the skin. Breathing out accelerates this leaving, but Stormlight substitutes for oxygen so the Surgebinder does not need to breathe.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} The more Stormlight the Surgebinder holds, the faster it leaks out of the body.{{book ref|sa2|2}} If holding a small amount of Stormlight, Surgebinders are able to breathe in and suppress the glowing effect.{{book ref|sa3|21}} While doing this, they are able to talk without puffing out Stormlight.{{book ref|sa3|25}}
-In addition to being fuel for Surgebinding, Stormlight also increases the physical capabilities of the Surgebinder's body far beyond regular human levels. The Surgebinder gains superhuman strength, speed, endurance, stamina, and healing of both body and soul. They can survive falls hundreds of feet, and stand up right away, the damage immediately being healed by Stormlight. Almost any kind of injury can be healed, including bad eyesight, scar tissues, or Spiritual damage done by a Shardblade.{{book ref|sa2|33}} This healing is based upon the Cognitive identity of the Surgebinder, as such if a soldier sees the scars on his body, for example, as a part of his self, Stormlight does not heal those scars.{{17s ref|post|107770}}
+In addition to being fuel for Surgebinding, Stormlight also increases the physical capabilities of the Surgebinder's body far beyond regular human levels. The Surgebinder gains superhuman strength, speed, endurance, stamina, and healing of both body and soul. They can survive falls hundreds of feet, and stand up right away, the damage immediately being healed by Stormlight. Almost any kind of injury can be healed, including bad eyesight, scar tissues, or Spiritual damage done by a Shardblade.{{book ref|sa2|33}} This healing is based upon the Cognitive identity of the Surgebinder, as such if a soldier sees the scars on his body, for example, as a part of his self, Stormlight does not heal those scars.{{wob ref|6640}}
 While inside the body, the Stormlight produces an intense adrenaline-like effect, urging the Surgebinder to action and motion, which may result in recklessness if the Surgebinder is not careful. It gives great energy, but when the Surgebinder runs out of Stormlight, they are left exhausted and feeling deflated similar to a pewter drag by a Pewterarm.{{book ref|sa1|66}}
@@ Line 87: / Line 88: @@
 === Adhesion ===
 {{icon|adhesion|s|link=|75px|right}}
-The surge of Adhesion can be manipulated to bind things together.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this surge are the Bondsmiths and the Windrunners.
+The Surge of Adhesion can be manipulated to bind things together.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Bondsmiths and the Windrunners.
 {{anchor|Full Lashing}}
-* '''Full Lashing''': This ability creates an extremely powerful temporary bond between two objects. To use this ability, the Surgebinder infuses a surface with Stormlight, after which any object or person that comes in contact with the surface will be bound to it. Full Lashing does not necessarily require skin contact; surfaces can be infused by "spraying" the Stormlight onto them.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} Most objects would break apart themselves before the bond holding them would.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The duration of this bond is determined by the amount of Stormlight infused. A Full Lasing can be powerful enough to bend the path of bullets.{{wob ref|3523}} The bond also attracts [[bindspren]].{{book ref|sa2|12}}
+* '''Full Lashing''': This ability creates an extremely powerful temporary bond between two objects. To use this ability, the Surgebinder infuses a surface with Stormlight, after which any object or person that comes in contact with the surface will be bound to it. Full Lashing does not necessarily require skin contact; surfaces can be infused by "spraying" the Stormlight onto them.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}} Most objects would break apart themselves before the bond holding them would.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The duration of this bond is determined by the amount of Stormlight infused. The bond ends when the Stormlight runs out. A Full Lashing can be powerful enough to bend the path of bullets.{{wob ref|3523}} Someone wearing [[Shardplate]] is immune to Lashings, but any objects that they are touching can be affected.{{book ref|twok|i|9}} The bond also attracts [[bindspren]].{{book ref|sa2|12}}
-* '''Spiritual Adhesion''': Adhesion can be used by a [[Bondsmith]] to establish a [[Connection]] to someone in order to, at least, speak their language.{{book ref|sa3|65}} The full extent of this power is unclear, or whether [[Windrunner|Windrunners]] can use Adhesion in this fashion.
+* '''Spiritual Adhesion''': Using the Surge of Adhesion to manipulate spiritual, rather than purely physical forces, a [[Bondsmith]] can touch another person and forge a spiritual [[Connection]] between them. This allows the Bondsmith to temporarily speak whatever languages this other person can speak.{{book ref|sa3|65}} Whether the Bondsmith must remain physically close to this other person for the ability to be continually used is unknown. The ability lasts for longer than a few hours, but not days.{{wob ref|9340}} The ability has other Connection implications, but it is unable to pick up other people's abilities.{{wob ref|11424}}
 === Gravitation ===
 {{icon|gravitation|s|link=|75px|right}}
-The surge of Gravitation can be manipulated to change the direction and strength of an object's gravitational attraction.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this surge are the Windrunners and the Skybreakers.
+The Surge of Gravitation can be manipulated to change the direction and strength of an object's gravitational attraction.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Windrunners and the Skybreakers.
 {{anchor|Basic Lashing}}
-* '''Basic Lashing''': This ability alters an object's or being's spiritual gravitational bond to the planet below, instead temporarily linking it to a different object or direction. It allows the Surgebinder to run up walls, send objects or people flying off into the air. Lashings only affects gravitational pull and not mass, so different things with different masses will still fall at the same speed.{{wob ref|5907}} Lashings can only send something in a particular direction and can not be locked into following an object.{{wob ref|3848}} Surgebinders can rotate themselves in the air using wind resistance.{{wob ref|8250}} Advanced users of Basic Lashing can employ partial Lashings&mdash;a half Lashing upward, for example, would make the Surgebinder effectively weightless, while a quarter Lashing would halve the person's weight.{{book ref|sa1|part=ars}} It is also possible to use multiple Basic Lashings simultaneously so that the infused object or being will be pulled toward different directions at once or pulled toward a single direction but stronger than gravity normally would.{{book ref|sa2|52}} Basic Lashing requires skin contact if the Surgebinder is trying to infuse an external object or being.{{book ref|sa2|85}} Basic Lashing continually consumes the Stormlight with which the object is infused until the object runs out of Stormlight or the Surgebinder dismisses their Lashing; so the length of Basic Lashing is dependent on the amount of Stormlight used.{{book ref|sa2|41}}
+* '''Basic Lashing''': This ability alters an object's or being's spiritual gravitational bond to the planet below, instead temporarily linking it to a different object or direction. It allows the Surgebinder to run up walls, or send objects or people flying off into the air. Lashings only affects gravitational pull and not mass, so different things with different masses will still fall at the same speed.{{wob ref|5907}} Lashings can only send something in a particular direction and can not be locked into following an object.{{wob ref|3848}} Lashing can also affect liquids.{{wob ref|5140}} Surgebinders can rotate themselves in the air using wind resistance,{{wob ref|8250}} and can also lessen the force of the wind while flying.{{book ref|sa3|60}} Taking sharp turns while Lashing can cause the Surgebinder to black out.{{wob ref|10357}}{{book ref|sa3|116}} When Lashing multiple objects or beings at a time, it is possible to create a sort of channel around the group, which will keep them close together.{{book ref|sa3|60}} Basic Lashing requires skin contact if the Surgebinder is trying to infuse an external object or being.{{book ref|sa2|85}} Basic Lashing continually consumes the [[Stormlight]] with which the object is infused until the object runs out of Stormlight or the Surgebinder dismisses their Lashing; so the length of Basic Lashing is dependent on the amount of Stormlight used.{{book ref|sa2|41}} Advanced users of Basic Lashing can employ partial Lashings&mdash;a half Lashing upward, for example, would make the Surgebinder effectively weightless, while a quarter Lashing would halve the person's weight.{{book ref|sa1|part=ars}} It is also possible to use multiple Basic Lashings simultaneously so that the infused object or being will be pulled toward different directions at once or pulled toward a single direction but stronger than gravity normally would.{{book ref|sa2|52}}
 {{quote
@@ Line 105: / Line 106: @@
 {{anchor|Reverse Lashing}}
-* '''Reverse Lashing''': This ability creates a bubble around a surface that imitates its spiritual link to the ground beneath it. In effect, this makes the infused object pull other objects towards itself. It is much harder for Reverse Lashing to affect objects touching the ground, where their link to the planet is strongest. Objects falling or in flight are the easiest to influence. Other objects can be affected, but the Stormlight and skill required are much more substantial. This ability is believed to be a specialized version of Basic Lashing.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} Reverse Lashing requires constant skin contact for it to work, though it consumes comparatively little Stormlight.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}}
+* '''Reverse Lashing''': Using this ability, a Windrunner creates a bubble around a surface that imitates its spiritual link to the ground beneath it. In effect, this makes the infused object pull other objects towards itself. It is much harder for Reverse Lashing to affect objects touching the ground, where their link to the planet is strongest. Objects falling or in flight are the easiest to influence. Other objects can be affected, but the Stormlight and skill required are much more substantial. This ability is believed to be a specialized version of Basic Lashing.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} Reverse Lashing requires constant skin contact for it to work, though it consumes comparatively little Stormlight.{{book ref|sa1|prologue}}
 === Division ===
 {{icon|division|s|link=|75px|right}}
-The surge of Division can be manipulated to have power over destruction and decay.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this surge are the Dustbringers and the Skybreakers.
+The Surge of Division can be manipulated to have power over destruction and decay.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Dustbringers and the Skybreakers.
 {{anchor|Decay}}<!-- let it stay Decay until we know the correct name -->
-* '''Decay''': Using the Surge of Division, the Surgebinder can touch an object and cause it to burn, turn to dust, or decay in other ways. The Surgebinder can exercise significant control, such as to burn a pattern into a piece of wood. It can also be used on humans.{{book ref|sa3|107}} This splits the molecular bonds of the object the surge is used on, but not the atoms themselves.{{wob ref|3308}}
+* '''Decay''': Using the Surge of Division, the Surgebinder can touch an object and cause it to burn, turn to dust, or decay in other ways. The Surgebinder can exercise significant control, such as to burn a pattern into a piece of wood. It can also be used on humans.{{book ref|sa3|107}} This splits the molecular bonds of the object the Surge is used on, but not the atoms themselves.{{wob ref|3308}} It is likely to have the ability to ignite objects.{{book ref|sa|part=prelude}} Decay can be used to create types of sculptures, such as adding color when burning objects or grayscaling them.{{wob ref|12226}}
 <div style='clear: both'></div>
@@ Line 118: / Line 119: @@
 === Abrasion ===
 {{icon|abrasion|s|link=|75px|right}}
-The surge of Abrasion can be manipulated to alter the frictional force between two surfaces.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this surge are the Dustbringers and the Edgedancers.
+The Surge of Abrasion can be manipulated to alter the frictional force between two surfaces.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Dustbringers and the Edgedancers.
 {{anchor|Slicking}}<!-- let it stay Slicking until we know the correct name -->
-* '''Slicking''': This ability allows the Surgebinder to make their body frictionless. The Surgebinder can choose which parts of the body are affected and which parts are not. For example, the bottom of the feet can be infused so that the Surgebinder glides over any surface without losing momentum until the ability is suspended.{{book ref|sa2|i|9}}
+* '''Slicking''': This ability allows the Surgebinder to make their body frictionless. The Surgebinder can choose which parts of the body are affected and which parts are not. For example, the bottom of the feet can be infused so that the Surgebinder glides over any surface without losing momentum until the ability is suspended.{{book ref|sa2|i|9}} Wind friction can also be affected. However, this would not reduce the force of direct collisions.{{book ref|sa2.5|1}} It was described as having some resemblance to ice skating.{{book ref|sa3|120}} Slicking can also be used to have sounds slide off of the Surgebinder.{{book ref|sa3|117}} Slicking can also use this to escape any grasp, or grip the slickest walls.{{book ref|sa3|120}}{{book ref|sa3|117}} Slicking can also be applied to objects and made so only the Surgebinder can grip the object without it slipping.{{book ref|sa3|120}}
 === Progression ===
 {{icon|progression|s|link=|75px|right}}
-The surge of Progression can be manipulated to alter the growth and healing of organisms.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this surge are the Edgedancers and the Truthwatchers.
+The Surge of Progression can be manipulated to alter the growth and healing of organisms.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Edgedancers and the Truthwatchers.
 {{anchor|Growth}}
@@ Line 131: / Line 132: @@
 {{anchor|Regrowth}}
-* '''Regrowth''': This ability heals the damage done to the body and the soul of a person instantly and without any scarring. The flesh, muscle, or bones can be completely regrown rapidly. The body can be refreshed and rid of fatigue.{{book ref|sa1|19}} The Surgebinder can even reverse death with Regrowth; a body that has bled out or a soul that has been severed with a Shardblade can be healed with Regrowth and continue to function as if it has never been damaged.{{book ref|sa2|i|9}} However, once the soul leaves the body and reaches the afterlife, it is impossible for the Surgebinder to revive the person.{{book ref|sa2|88}}
+* '''Regrowth''': This ability heals the damage done to the body and the soul of a person instantly and without any scarring. The flesh, muscle, or bones can be completely regrown rapidly. The body can be refreshed and rid of fatigue.{{book ref|sa1|19}} The Surgebinder can even reverse death with Regrowth; a body that has bled out or a soul that has been severed with a Shardblade can be healed with Regrowth and continue to function as if it has never been damaged.{{book ref|sa2|i|9}} However, once the soul leaves the body and reaches the afterlife, it is impossible for the Surgebinder to revive the person.{{book ref|sa2|88}} This ability may also fail to heal injuries that are too old.{{book ref|sa3|Interlude|13}}
+** Surge Fabrial: A Surge [[Fabrial]] is able to mimic the Radiant ability of Regrowth. Ancient Radiants possessed fabrials constructed from a large topaz and heliodor that were able to "regrow" and repair injuries through manipulating the Surge of Progression.{{book ref|sa1|19}} In the present day, they have been lost; however, the [[Herald]] [[Nale]] possesses one capable of bringing someone back from the brink of death.{{book ref|sa2|88}}
 === Illumination ===
 {{for|Lightweaving|more information about the original Yolish variant of this ability}}
 {{icon|illumination|s|link=|75px|right}}
-The surge of Illumination can be manipulated to create auditory and visual illusions.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this surge are the Lightweavers and the Truthwatchers.
+The Surge of Illumination can be manipulated to create auditory and visual illusions.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Lightweavers and the Truthwatchers.
 {{anchor|Lightweaving}}
-* '''Lightweaving''': This ability creates visual and auditory illusions. The illusion is based upon not just what the Surgebinder imagines, but also desires to create, requiring both a mental picturing of and a Spiritual connection to the intended creation.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} Once the creation is shaped, the Surgebinder breathes out a cloud of Stormlight to form the illusion.{{book ref|sa2|7}} The illusion can be created anywhere, but requires a constant source of Stormlight, so the Surgebinder&mdash;or a being the Surgebinder is Spiritually linked to&mdash;needs to keep in proximity to it. Because the illusion automatically feeds off of the Surgebinder, the glowing effect common to the Surgebinders as the Stormlight leaks out of their bodies does not happen, and instead is fed to the illusion. Unless the Surgebinder intentionally dissolves the illusion, it will stay active until the Surgebinder runs out of Stormlight or leaves the proximity of the illusion. It is possible for the Surgebinder to attach the illusion to themself, as well as a being they are Spiritually linked to such as the spren that forms the Nahel bond, so that the illusion automatically follows the movements of the being to which it is attached. This way, an illusion of disguise, for example, that the Surgebinder attached to themselves would mimic the facial expressions of the Surgebinder and adapt to the clothing or the accessories they are wearing.{{book ref|sa2|60}} Experienced practitioners of this art can also attach the illusion to an object that is infused with Stormlight, for example a [[sphere]]. The illusory image has no substance to it, and if an object physically passes through the illusion, the image temporarily fuzzes to Stormlight until it is reestablished once the object withdraws.{{book ref|sa2|42}} [[Lightweavers]] may possess the ability to combine their Lightweaving with their Soulcasting in order to offset this disadvantage. Light itself does not pass through the illusion; if the Surgebinder wants to be able to see the outside while hiding inside the illusion, they must put holes to see on the image. The amount of Stormlight the illusion requires depends on the complexity of it.{{book ref|sa2|54}}
+* '''Lightweaving''': This ability creates visual and auditory illusions. The illusion is based upon not just what the Surgebinder imagines, but also desires to create, requiring both a mental picturing of and a Spiritual connection to the intended creation.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} Once the creation is shaped, the Surgebinder breathes out a cloud of [[Stormlight]] to form the illusion.{{book ref|sa2|7}} The illusion can be created anywhere, but requires a constant source of Stormlight, so the Surgebinder&mdash;or a being the Surgebinder is Spiritually linked to&mdash;needs to keep in proximity to it. Because the illusion automatically feeds off of the Surgebinder, the glowing effect common to the Surgebinders as the Stormlight leaks out of their bodies does not happen, and instead is fed to the illusion. Unless the Surgebinder intentionally dissolves the illusion, it will stay active until the Surgebinder runs out of Stormlight or leaves the proximity of the illusion. It is possible for the Surgebinder to attach the illusion to themself, as well as a being they are Spiritually linked to such as the [[spren]] that forms the [[Nahel bond]], so that the illusion automatically follows the movements of the being to which it is attached. This way, an illusion of disguise, for example, that the Surgebinder attached to themselves would mimic the facial expressions of the Surgebinder and adapt to the clothing or the accessories they are wearing.{{book ref|sa2|60}} Experienced practitioners of this art can also attach the illusion to an object that is infused with Stormlight, for example a [[sphere]].{{book ref|sa3|51}} The illusory image has no substance to it, and if an object physically passes through the illusion, the image temporarily fuzzes to Stormlight until it is reestablished once the object withdraws.{{book ref|sa2|42}} Light itself does not pass through the illusion; if the Surgebinder wants to be able to see the outside while hiding inside the illusion, they must put holes to see on the image. The amount of Stormlight the illusion requires depends on the complexity of it.{{book ref|sa2|54}}
+** Interactions with Yolish Lightweaving: Rosharan Lightweaving is much more restrictive than the earlier Yolish [[Lightweaving|variant]],{{book ref|sa2|45}} as it requires a spren or Stormlight to function.{{wob ref|8909}} Yolish Lightweaving does not always seem to function perfectly on Roshar,{{wob ref|9346}} and Yolish Lightweavers may need help from Rosharan Lightweavers to fully craft an illusion.{{book ref|sa3|82}} A Yolish Lightweaver is able to guide a Rosharan Lightweaver's power.{{wob ref|9346}} Gaining Rosharan Lightweaving allows for some supplemental ability with Yolish Lightweaving,{{wob ref|8473}} and could allow Yolish Lightweavers to overcome the issue of crafting illusions on Roshar, although further impacts or [[resonance]]s between the two are unknown.{{wob ref|8664}} Rosharan Lightweaving has a compounding effect with Yolish Lightweaving, and likely allows Yolish Lightweavers to circumvent the problems they can experience with Yolish Lightweaving.{{wob ref|8473}}
 <div style='clear: both'></div>
 === Transformation ===
+{{for|Soulcasting}}
 {{icon|transformation|s|link=|75px|right}}
-The surge of Transformation can be manipulated to change an object into one of the ten essences.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this surge are the Elsecallers and the Lightweavers.
+The Surge of Transformation can be manipulated to change an object into one of the ten essences.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Elsecallers and the Lightweavers.
 {{anchor|Soulcasting}}
-* '''Soulcasting''': This ability transforms any material into one of the Surgebinder's choice. To Soulcast, the Surgebinder shifts their perception to see into the Cognitive Realm, and communicates with the Cognitive aspect of the object they want to transform. Not every object is inclined to change, depending on how the object is seen by the sentient species and how it sees itself, so the Surgebinder may need to negotiate with it. Once the object is convinced into changing, the Surgebinder infuses it with Stormlight, and the transformation process takes place instantaneously.{{book ref|sa2|7}} It is technically possible for the Surgebinder to transform anything into anything else, but transforming something into the pure form of an [[Ten Essences|Essence]] is the easiest to accomplish, while transforming the object into something unfamiliar is a lot harder.{{book ref|sa1|72}} Soulcasting requires the corresponding gemstone for the Essence the Surgebinder is trying to transform into, so Soulcasting something into blood, for example, requires an infused garnet.{{qa ref|985|4}} Draining the Stormlight from the gemstone can sometimes shatter the gemstone; the larger the gemstone the less likely it is for that to happen.{{book ref|sa1|15}} The object's mass is conserved through the Soulcasting process.{{book ref|sa1|5}} It may not be possible to create gemstones with Soulcasting.{{book ref|sa1|33}}
+* '''Soulcasting''': This ability transforms any material into one of the Surgebinder's choice. To [[Soulcast]], the Surgebinder shifts their perception to see into the [[Cognitive Realm]], and communicates with the Cognitive aspect of the object they want to transform. Not every object is inclined to change, depending on how the object is seen by the sentient species and how it sees itself, so the Surgebinder may need to negotiate with it. Once the object is convinced into changing, the Surgebinder infuses it with [[Stormlight]], and the transformation process takes place instantaneously.{{book ref|sa2|7}} It is technically possible for the Surgebinder to transform anything into anything else, but transforming something into the pure form of an Essence is the easiest to accomplish, while transforming the object into something unfamiliar is a lot harder.{{book ref|sa1|72}} A major limitation of Soulcasting is the knowledge of the end material - while a Surgebinder could Soulcast matter into radioactive particles such as plutonium, modern-day [[Roshar]]ans are unaware of its existence and nature.{{wob ref|3811}} It is possible to transfer a Soulcasting from one material to another, like a disease, without the Soulcaster directly Soulcasting them.{{book ref|sa3|119}} It is unknown if objects can transfer a Soulcasting into a different material than what they turned into or if they can only transfer a Soulcasting to the same type of object they are. Soulcasting requires the corresponding gemstone for the Essence the Surgebinder is trying to transform into, so Soulcasting something into blood, for example, requires an infused garnet.{{wob ref|2784}} Draining the Stormlight from the gemstone can sometimes shatter the gemstone; the larger the gemstone the less likely it is for that to happen.{{book ref|sa1|15}} The object's mass is conserved through the Soulcasting process.{{book ref|sa1|5}} It may not be possible to create gemstones with Soulcasting.{{book ref|sa1|33}} Moreover, when Soulcasting, both Surgebinders and [[fabrial]] users are limited by the types of gems available to them.{{wob ref|2784}} While the chemical composition of the gemstone is important, its color is paramount, with every color of a gemstone corresponding to one of the Ten Essences.{{book ref|sa3|part=ars}} A gemstone that has been bleached of color - for example, by [[Awakening]] - would either work very poorly, or not work at all.{{wob ref|4080}} By contrast, within a [[highstorm]], a Surgebinder can create almost anything.{{wob ref|12723}} The target of Soulcasting can be both an inanimate item and a person, although a person will present greater difficulty, due to the innate [[Investiture]] they hold.{{book ref|sa1|36}}{{wob ref|2675}} Both highly-Invested people, like Knights Radiant or [[Allomancy|Mistborn]], and natural Investiture blockers, like [[aluminium]] or [[Shardplate]], will resist Soulcasting.{{wob ref|2675}}{{wob ref|9599}} Likewise, Soulcasting cannot create materials that are naturally Invested, such as [[god metals]].{{wob ref|2661}} Aluminium, however, can be created via Soulcasting.{{wob ref|8306}} Soulcasting can be done in the Cognitive Realm of Roshar to create objects out of the beads there.{{book ref|sa3|89}} Finding the soul of an object in the [[Physical Realm]], the Surgebinder can form the object out of surrounding beads, such as a door or a shield. The object will have density and can hold people’s weight. Once a Surgebinder releases control of the beads, they will disperse into individual beads again. It is also possible to Soulcast a bead into its physical object while in the Cognitive Realm.{{book ref|sa3|117}}{{book ref|sa3|108}} Beads turned into their physical forms will eventually turn back into beads.{{book ref|sa3|117}}{{attention|This is a very large block of text that should probably be shortened and made more readable}}
+** Surge Fabrial: A Surge Fabrial is able to mimic the Radiant ability of Soulcasting.{{book ref|sa1|72}} A Soulcaster fabrial consists of two rings and a bracelet connected by chains which hold a group of three gemstones across the back of the hand. Most are only able to effect small, singular changes, such as turning stone into water, while about one in ten can affect any change.{{book ref|sa1|5}} They can be activated by tapping one of the three gemstones when holding the hand against what is to be changed.{{book ref|sa1|42}} When Soulcasting, the fabrial draws Stormlight from the corresponding gemstone. What Essences the Soulcaster can use is referred to as the Soulcaster's modes.{{book ref|sa3|i|4}} This being said, Soulcasters capable of using all three modes are rare, and a vast majority can only utilize one.{{book ref|sa1|5}} Soulcasters with access to the same Essence can work together to Soulcast objects of greater size.{{book ref|sa2|35}}
+** Savantism: Long-term use of Soulcasting, whether via Surgebinding or a fabrial, can lead to the user becoming a [[savant]], transforming slowly into the essence they frequently transform other objects into.{{wob ref|1557}} The effects of savanthood are much less pronounced for Surgebinders compared to fabrial users, and can take a different path in their manifestation, due to the [[Nahel bond]].{{wob ref|8742}} This process is different from simply having transformed a portion of oneself accidentally.{{book ref|sa3|i|4}} Some Soulcaster [[ardent]]s on the [[Shattered Plains]] developed crystalline eyes and stone-like skin with cracks.{{book ref|sa2|35}} Another ardent in [[Kholinar]] appears as if there are vines growing under her skin and poking out from her eyes.{{book ref|sa3|81}} [[Kaza]] slowly became smoke in places, to the point where she had a hole in her cheek leaking smoke. Her hair, ears and fingers had also started to transform. The personality of the Soulcaster might also be affected, as Kaza felt drawn to become smoke with the objects she transforms, and began to lose normal human emotional responses.{{book ref|sa3|i|4}}
 === Transportation ===
 {{icon|transportation|s|link=|75px|right}}
-The surge of Transportation can be manipulated to achieve realmatic transition.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this surge are the Elsecallers and the Willshapers.
+The Surge of Transportation can be manipulated to achieve realmatic transition.{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Elsecallers and the Willshapers.
 {{anchor|Elsecalling}}
-* '''Elsecalling''': This ability allows the Surgebinder to travel in between Realms. A circular wall of Stormlight can be seen briefly at the target location before the Surgebinder arrives.{{book ref|sa2|epilogue}} The Surgebinder can also bring other beings and objects with them while Elsecalling.{{epigraph ref|sa2|53}} This allows many Surgebinders with Transportation the ability to [[worldhop]].{{wob ref|655}} It is much harder to leave the [[Cognitive Realm]] than it is to enter it.{{wob ref|5758}}
+* '''Elsecalling''': This ability allows the Surgebinder to travel in between [[Realms]]. Doing this creates a miniature [[perpendicularity]].{{wob ref|1525}} A circular wall of [[Stormlight]] can be seen briefly at the target location before the Surgebinder arrives.{{book ref|sa2|epilogue}} The Surgebinder can also bring other beings and objects with them while transporting themselves.{{epigraph ref|sa2|53}} This allows many Surgebinders with Transportation the ability to [[worldhop]].{{wob ref|655}} It is much harder to leave the [[Cognitive Realm]] than it is to enter it. The Surgebinder needs to find a point where the [[Physical Realm|Physical]] and Cognitive Realm touch to leave.{{wob ref|5758}}{{book ref|sa3|33}}
+** Surge Fabrial: A Surge [[Fabrial]] is able to mimic the Radiant ability of Transportation. These fabrials are called [[Oathgate]]s and and allow the user to transport anything on top of the platform and in the control chamber between Oathgates in an instant. However, as far as is known, they function in pairs - an Oathgate in [[Urithiru]] only connects to one Oathgate outside, and the Oathgate outside only connects to one Oathgate in Urithiru. They can only be activated by living [[Shardblade]]s, as wielded by the Knights Radiant.{{book ref|sa2|86}} Transportation of more than one person through them requires use of more Stormlight.{{book ref|sa2|87}}
 === Cohesion ===
 {{icon|cohesion|s|link=|75px|right}}
-The surge of Cohesion can be manipulated to alter objects at a molecular level.{{17s ref|post|107452}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this surge are the Willshapers and the Stonewards.
+Also called the Surge of Strong Axial Interconnection,{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} the Surge of Cohesion can be manipulated to alter objects at a molecular level.{{wob ref|6061}} This allows the user to alter the shape of solid objects. The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this surge are the Willshapers and the Stonewards. This ability can be used to reshape solid objects like stone, but not flesh. Surgebinders are able to grab matter and stretch it, altering the object. The power is described as the whole world being clay for them. Cohesion is highly resisted by [[Investiture]] and even a small amount of [[Stormlight]] in an object would prevent it from working.{{wob ref|9422}}
 <div style='clear: both'></div>
@@ Line 165: / Line 172: @@
 === Tension ===
 {{icon|tension|s|link=|75px|right}}
-The surge of Tension can be manipulated to alter the stiffness of an object,{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} such as taking something flexible and making it rigid.{{wob ref|7843}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this surge are the Stonewards and the Bondsmiths.
+Also called the Surge of Soft Axial Interconnection, the Surge of Tension can be manipulated to alter the stiffness of an object,{{book ref|sa2|part=ars}} such as taking something flexible and making it rigid.{{wob ref|7843}} The two orders of Knights Radiant with access to this Surge are the Stonewards and the Bondsmiths.
-For Bondsmiths, the use of this surge is different from the [[Stonewards]]. While [[Stonewards]] use this ability to shape stone in battle, Bondsmiths use it to repair inanimate objects as a complement to the surge of [[Adhesion]]. {{book ref|sa3|59}}
+For Bondsmiths, the use of this surge is different from the [[Stonewards]]. While [[Stonewards]] use this ability to shape stone in battle, Bondsmiths use it to repair inanimate objects as a complement to the Surge of [[Adhesion]]. {{book ref|sa3|59}} Tension is highly resisted by [[Investiture]] and even a small amount of [[Stormlight]] in an object would prevent it from working.{{wob ref|9422}}
 <div style='clear: both'></div>
@@ Line 191: / Line 197: @@
 * [[Ki]] (bonded to [[Winnow]])
 *[[Warren]] (bonded to an unknown [[highspren]])
+*[[Hoid]] (bonded to an unknown [[cryptic]])
 }}
 == Knights Radiant ==
 {{for|Knights Radiant}}
-Knights Radiant are an organization of Surgebinders with the Nahel bond who live by the [[Immortal Words]]. They comprise of ten different orders. Each order consist of Surgebinders who have access to the same two Surges.
+Knights Radiant are an organization of Surgebinders with the Nahel bond who live by the [[Immortal Words]]. They are comprised of ten different orders, with each order consisting of Surgebinders who have access to the same two Surges.
 == Notes ==
-<references>
+<references />
-{{17s ref|post|107770|Seattle, WA Signing|date=Mar 08, 2014}}
-{{17s ref|post|110173|text=Houston Signing|date=Mar 11, 2014}}
-{{17s ref|post|107452|Seattle WoR signing report|date=2014-03-09}}
-{{17s ref|post|116818|text=Chicago Signing|date=Mar 22, 2014}}
-{{qa ref|428|21|BarnesandNoble.com Book Club Q&A|date=Jul, 2009}}
-{{qa ref|585|5|Stormblessed.com Interview|date=Dec 25th, 2010}}
-{{qa ref|985|4|Rithmatist Book Tour, Albuquerque, NM|date=2013-05-22}}
-</references>
 {{partial}}
 {{Stormlight}}